The structure of DNA~

• The two scientists that worked out the structure of DNA are Watson and Crick.
• There are 2 strands of DNA in a chromosome.
• The name of the twisted ladder shape of a DNA is called a double helix.
• Small sections of DNA are known as genes.
• A gene determines a characteristic about you by coding a protein.
• There are 2 parts to a DNA backbone.
• The parts that make up the backbone of the DNA are alternating sugar and phosphates.
• The two DNA backbone strands are connected by two bases.
• There are 4 different bases in DNA.
• The four bases are known as:

  -Adenine

  -Thymine

  -Cytosine

  -Guanine
• The bases are always arranged in pairs.
• Adenine and Thymine make up a pair.
• Guanine and Cytosine make up another pair.
• The pairs of bases form a chemical bond between 2 DNA strands.
• The name given to the fact the bases always pair up in the same way is called Complementary base pairings.
• Proteins are made from amino acids.
• There are 20 different types of amino acids.
• the protein could change its function or become non-functional entirely.
• The DNA is a triplet code.
• Each triplet code in the DNA codes for amino acids.
• A gene (a section of DNA) therefore controls your characteristics.
• Hormones and enzymes are both made up of proteins.
• There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be coded.