Chap 1

Cards (80)

  • Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA.
  • Viruses are not considered living organisms.
  • Eukaryotic cells contain a true nucleus enclosed in a membrane.
  • Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus.
  • The membrane of eukaryotic cells consist of a phospholipid bilayer.
  • The outside of the membrane is hydrophilic while the inner portion is hydrophobic.
  • The cytosol allows for the diffusion of molecules throughout the cell.
  • In the nucleus, genetic information is encoded in DNA.
  • Eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis.
  • Mitosis allows for the formation of two identical daughter cells.
  • The genetic material (DNA) contains coding regions, called genes.
  • Linear DNA is wounds around proteins called histones.
  • The nucleolus permits rRNA to be synthesized.
  • The cristae increases the surface area available for the electron transport train enzymes.
  • Mitochondria are semiautonomous, they contain some of their own genes and replicate independently of the nucleus via binary fission.
  • Apoptosis is programmed cell death.
  • Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that breakdown cellular waste products.
  • Endosomes transport, package, and sort cell material that's traveling to and from the membrane.
  • Rough ER permits the translation of proteins that are destined for secretion directly into its lumen.
  • Smooth ER is utilized for lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons.
  • Transportation of proteins: RER to SER to Golgi Apparatus.
  • One of peroxisomes main functions is B-Oxidation.
  • Microfilaments are made up of rods of actin.
  • Actin filaments are resistant to compression and fracture, providing protection for the cell.
  • Actin filaments use ATP to generate force for movement by interacting with myosin.
  • Cleavage furrow is formed from microfilaments.
  • Microtubules are hollow polymers of tubulin proteins.
  • Cilia are involved in the movement of materials along the surface of the cell.
  • Flagella are involved in the movement of the cell itself.
  • Centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the dividing cell and organize the mitotic spindle.
  • Intermediate filaments are involved in cell-cell adhesion and maintenance of the overall integrity of the cytoskeleton.
  • Intermediate filaments help anchor other organelles.
  • Epithelial tissues cover the body and line its cavities.
  • Epithelial tissues provide a means for protection against pathogen invasion and desiccation.
  • Epithelial cells contribute the parenchyma, which is the functional parts of the organ.
  • Connective tissues contribute to the stroma, support structure.
  • Examples of connective tissues: bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, and blood.
  • Cells in the connective tissue produce/secrete materials such as collagen and elastin to form the extracellular matrix.
  • Prokaryotes do not contain membrane bound organelles.
  • Prokaryotes have their genetic material organized into single circular molecule of DNA.