Diseases

• Nitrates are needed to make proteins and for growth, a lack of nitrates causes stunted growth
• Magnesium ions are needed for making chlorophyll, which is needed for photosynthesis.
• Plant disease signs:

  • Stunted growth
  • Spots on the leaves
  • Patches of decay
  • Abnormal growths
  • Malformed leaves or stems
  • Discolouration
• Viruses can be spread from one plant to another via insect vectors (e.g. aphids) or wind-blown pollen.
• Fungi can cause plant diseases by producing spores that infect plants through wounds or stomata.
• Bacteria can enter plants through wounds caused by pests such as caterpillars or aphids, or they may infect seeds when planted.
• Abiotic factors like drought, frost, high temperatures, and poor soil quality can weaken plants and increase their susceptibility to infection.