Hormones

avatar
Created by
Patricia Kelley

Cards (51)

  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), AKA Corticotropin

    Produced by: Anterior Pituitary
    Target: Adrenal Cortex
    Action: regulates activities of the adrenal cortex
    Controlled by: Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
  • Aldosterone 

    Produced by: outer zone of adrenal cortex
    Target: kidney, colon, sweat + salivary glands
    Action: increase sodium and water reabsorption, and decrease potassium reabsorption
    Controlled by: presence of placenta in pregnancy
  • Androgens

    Produced by: inner zone of the adrenal cortex
    Target: bone, muscle, prostate, adipose tissue and reproductive, cardiovascular, immune, neural and haemopoietic systems
    Action: stimulate growth of axillary and pubic hair, aid the prepubertal growth spurt, and contribute to libido (responsible for female libido)
    Controlled by: Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Angiotensinogen/ Angiotensin II

    Produced by: protein made in the liver
    Target: vascular tissue, uterus, and adrenal cortex
    Action: helps regulate your blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and triggering water and sodium intake
    Controlled by: the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway or systems (RAAS) starting for the kidney
  • Antidiuretic Hormone- AKA Vasopressin (ADH)

    Produced by: Made in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary
    Target: kidneys
    Action: stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys and constriction of arterioles
    Controlled by: osmotic pressure of the blood and blood volume
  • Atrial Natriuretic Hormone/Peptide (ANH or ANP)

    Produced by: Heart
    Target: kidney, heart, blood vessels, renin-angiotensin system, autonomous nervous system, and CNS
    Action: decreases blood pressure
    Controlled by: endothelin, a potent vasoconstrictor, stimulates ANP secretion
  • Calcitonin

    Produced by: parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
    Target: bone and kidney
    Action: can lower the blood level of calcium
    Controlled by: blood calcium level
  • Calcitriol

    Produced by: kidney
    Target: kidney bone and intestine
    Action: increase the production of calcium transport proteins
    Controlled by: Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
  • Cholecystokinin (CCK)

    Produced by: Gastrointestinal Tract
    Target: gallbladder and pancreas
    Action: stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice, regulates releases of bile from the gallbladder, and brings about a feeling of fullness after eating
    Controlled by: the presence or absence of pancreatic enzymes in the intestine
  • Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

    Produced by: hypothalamus
    Target: adrenal cortex
    Action: increases levels of cortisol
    Controlled by: hypothalamus in response to stress
  • Cortisol (a glucocorticoid)

    Produced by: middle zone of the adrenal cortex
    Target: liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas
    Action: promote normal metabolism, help resist stress, and decrease inflammation
    Controlled by: corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
  • Dihydrotestosterone

    Produced by: testosterone
    Target: prostate, skin, and liver
    Action: promotes prostate growth, sebaceous gland activity, male pattern baldness, and body, facial, and pubic hair growth
    Controlled by: testosterone production by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
  • Epinephrine/ Norepinephrine

    Produced by: adrenal medullae
    Target: most cells in the body prolonging and intensifying the sympathetic nervous system response to stress
    Action: mobilizes glucose, increases heart rate, heart contractility, oxygen use, oxygen use and blood flow to skeletal muscles. Constricts blood vessels and elevates blood pressure
    Controlled by: stress reaction
  • Erythropoietin

    Produced by: Kidney
    Target: bone marrow
    Action: increases rate of red blood cell production
    Controlled by: response to hypoxia
  • Estrogen

    Produced by: ovaries
    Target: uterus, hypothalamus, pituitary, bone, mammary tissue, and liver
    Action: regulate menstrual cycle, maintain pregnancy, and prepare the mammary glands for lactation
    Controlled by: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) controlled by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Follicle-Stimulating hormone (FSH)

    Produced by: anterior pituitary
    Target: ovaries and testes
    Action: regulate activities of the gonads (ovaries and testes)
    Controlled by: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Gastrin

    Produced by: stomach
    Target: stomach
    Action: enhancing gastric mucosal growth, gastric motility, and secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach
    Controlled by: the vagus nerve sends a signal to the stomach in anticipation of eating
  • Ghrelin

    Produced by: stomach
    Target: pancreas
    Action: stimulates appetite, increases good intake and promotes fat storage
    Controlled by: Autonomic Nervous System
  • Glucagon

    Produced by: alpha cells of pancreatic islets
    Target: liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas
    Action: increases blood glucose level
    Controlled by: the levels of glucose in the blood
  • Glucocorticoids

    Produced by: middle zone of the adrenal cortex
    Target: most tissues
    Action: promote normal metabolism, help resist stress, and decrease inflammation
    Controlled by: corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
  • Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) 

    Produced by: hypothalamus
    Target: anterior pituitary LH and FSH
    Action: regulates puberty onset, sexual development, and ovulatory cycles in females
    Controlled by: hypothalamus
  • Growth Hormone Inhibition Hormone (GHIH)

    Produced by: pancreas
    Target: pancreas
    Action: inhibit the release of other hormones, regulates gastrointestinal tract, and prevents rapid production of cells
    Controlled by: somatostatin
  • Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)

    Produced by: hypothalamus
    Target: anterior pituitary GH
    Action: stimulates the pituitary gland to produce and release hGH into the bloodstream
    Controlled by: somatostatin
  • Histamines

    Produced by: mast cells and basophils
    Target: smooth muscle, blood, heart, immune system, and endocrine system
    Action: secretion of gastric acid, inflammation, and regulation of vasodilation and bronchoconstriction. Can also serve as a neurotransmitter
    Controlled by: hypothalamus
  • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

    Produced by: placenta
    Target: placenta
    Action: stimulates the ovary to continue production of estrogens and progesterone during pregnancy
    Controlled by: presence of placenta in pregnancy
  • Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

    Produced by: anterior pituitary
    Target: musculoskeletal system
    Action: stimulates growth through insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
    Controlled by: growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
  • Human Placental Lactogen

    Produced by: syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta
    Target: the prolactin receptor
    Action: helps prepare body for breastfeeding
    Controlled by: it is proportional to placental growth
  • Inhibin

    Produced by: ovaries and testes
    Target: anterior pituitary
    Action: regulate the menstrual cycle, maintain pregnancy, and prepare the mammary glands for lactation
    Controlled by: Follocle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Insulin

    Produced by: beta cells of pancreatic islets
    Target: liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue
    Action: decreases blood glucose level
    Controlled by: the levels of glucose in the blood
  • Insulin-like Growth Factors

    Produced by:
  • Insulin-like Growth Factors

    Produced by: liver in repose to hGH stimulus
    Target: muscle, cartilage, bone, liver, kidney, nerves, skin, and lungs
    Action: regulate cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis
    Controlled by: GH via a negative feedback mechanism
  • Interferons

    Produced by: virus infected cells, natural killer cells
    Target: viruses
    Action: inhibit protein synthesis, inactivation of viral RNA, enhance phagocyte and cytotoxic mechanisms
    Controlled by: presence of a virus
  • Leptin

    Produced by: Adipose Tissue
    Target: brainstem and hypothalamus
    Action: suppresses appetite and may increase activity of FSH and LH
    Controlled by: food intake, total body fat, and other hormones
  • Leukotrienes

    Produced by: macrophages
    Target: most body tissues
    Action: regulate inflammatory responses
    Controlled by: an allergen or allergy trigger
  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

    Produced by: anterior pituitary
    Target: ovaries and testes
    Action: regulates activities of the gonads (ovaries and testes)
    Controlled by: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

    Produced by: pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and skin cells
    Target: melanocytes and melanophores
    Action: exact role in humans is unknown but may influence brain activity; can cause darkening of skin
    Controlled by: exposure to UV light
  • Melatonin

    Produced by: the pineal gland, attached to the roof of the third ventricle in the brain
    Target: hypothalamus
    Action: contributes to setting the body's biological clock
    Controlled by: pineal gland
  • Oxytocin

    Produced by: Made in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary
    Target: mammary gland and smooth muscle cells of the uterus
    Action: stimulates contraction of the uterus and ejection of milk from the breasts
    Controlled by: uterine stretching and by suckling during nursing
  • Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

    Produced by: parathyroid glands
    Target: bone and kidney
    Action: increase blood calcium and magnesium levels and decreasing blood phosphate level
    Controlled by: level of calcium in the blood
  • Progesterone

    Produced by: ovaries
    Target: most tissues
    Action: regulate the menstrual cycle, maintain pregnancy, and prepare the mammary glands for lactation
    Controlled by: luteinizing hormone (LH)