DNA and Protein Synthesis

• What is meant by the term transcription?

  The production of pre-mRNA from a DNA strand formed by complementary base pairing.
• What is splicing?


  The removal of introns from pre-mRNA.
• What is meant by the term translation?

  Using the mRNA to produce a polypeptide using amino acids, at the ribosome.
• What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the DNA strands?

  DNA helicase.
• Only one DNA strand is copied to make mRNA. What name is given to this strand?

  Template strand.
• What bonds form between the DNA strand and the RNA nucleotide?

  Hydrogen bonds.
• Which RNA nucleotide pairs up with a DNA adenine nucleotide?


  Uracil.
• When RNA nucleotides pair up with the DNA strand they only bind to specific nucleotides. What is this known as?

  Complementary base pairing.
• RNA nucleotides bond together to form pre-mRNA. What reaction bonds these bases together?

  Condensation reaction.
• What bond forms between adjacent RNA nucleotides?

  Phosphodiester.
• mRNA leaves the nucleus. What structure does it leave through?


  Nuclear pore.
• What organelle does mRNA bind to outside the nucleus?

  Ribosome/RER.
• Ribosomes match the mRNA codon to the tRNA anticodon, What does the tRNA carry?

  An amino acid.
• If the DNA triplet code on the template strand was TAC what would the codon sequence be?

  AUG.
• If the codon on the mRNA was AGU what would the anticodon sequence be?

  UCA.
• What bond forms between adjacent amino acids?

  Peptide bonds.
• If a polypeptide contains 60 amino acids, how many bases were there in the mRNA strand?


  183

  60 x 3 = 180, plus 3 for the stop codon.
• The polypeptide formed from translation would initially be a long strand. What protein structure is this?

  Primary structure.