ortho

• What is the management for an undisplaced intracapsular hip fracture in a patient who could walk independently?

  Internal fixation
• What is the management for a stable intertrochanteric extracasular hip fracture in a patient who could walk independently?

  Dynamic hip screw
• What is the management for a displaced intracapsular hip fracture in a patient who could walk independently?

  Total hip replacement
• What is the management for a subtrochanteric extracasular hip fracture in a patient who could walk independently?

  Intramedullary device
• What is the causative organism for osteomyelitis in patients without a history of sickle cell anemia?

  Staphylococcus aureus
• What is the causative organism for osteomyelitis in patients with a history of sickle cell anemia?

  Salmonella
• Which injury is part of the unhappy triad?

  Anterior cruciate ligament injury
• What type of injury may result from twisting injuries?

  Meniscal injury
• What damage typically causes abnormal passive abduction of the knee?

  Medial collateral ligament injury
• What type of injury may commonly result from skiing and following valgus stress?

  Medial collateral ligament injury
• What are common symptoms of meniscal injury?

  Locking and giving way
• What type of injury is isolated injury uncommon?

  Lateral collateral ligament injury
• What tests may be positive if the anterior cruciate ligament is damaged?

  Anterior drawer test and Lachman test
• Which injury is part of the unhappy triad along with the anterior cruciate ligament injury?

  Meniscal injury
• What type of injury may occur following dashboard injuries?

  Posterior cruciate ligament injury
• What type of fracture is a greenstick fracture?

  Unilateral cortical breach only
• What characterizes a buckle ('torus') fracture?

  Incomplete cortical disruption with periosteal haematoma
• What is a toddlers fracture?

  Oblique tibial fracture in infants
• What is plastic deformity in bones?

  Stress on bone causing deformity without disruption
• What defines a complete fracture?

  Both sides of the cortex are breached
• What does Salter-Harris III classification indicate?

  Fracture through physis and epiphysis including joint
• What does Salter-Harris IV classification indicate?

  Fracture involving physis, metaphysis, and epiphysis
• What does Salter-Harris V classification indicate?

  Crush injury involving the physis
• What does Salter-Harris II classification indicate?

  Fracture through physis and metaphysis
• What does Salter-Harris I classification indicate?

  Fracture through physis only
• What are the symptoms of septic arthritis in a 1-year-old child?

  Persistent pyrexia and drowsiness
• What condition is indicated by a limp and hip pain in a 4-year-old boy after a recent URTI?

  Transient synovitis
• What condition is indicated by progressive hip pain and a limp in a 6-year-old boy?

  Perthes disease
• What condition is indicated by asymmetrical skin folds and positive Barlow's and Ortolani's tests in a 2-month-old baby?

  Developmental dysplasia of the hip
• What condition is indicated by hip pain and loss of internal rotation in an obese 12-year-old boy?

  Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
• What nerve is affected in foot drop following a fibular neck fracture?

  Common peroneal nerve
• What nerve is affected if a patient has a positive Trendelenburg sign?

  Superior gluteal nerve
• What nerve is affected if a patient loses the ability to plantarflex and invert the foot?

  Tibial nerve
• What nerve is affected if a patient cannot adduct the thigh following an anterior hip dislocation?

  Obturator nerve
• What nerve is affected if a patient loses knee extension and has sensory loss to the anterior and medial thigh after a stab injury?

  Femoral nerve
• What nerve is affected if a patient has impaired hip extension and lateral rotation, and difficulty rising from a seat?

  Inferior gluteal nerve
• What nerve is affected if a patient develops tingling and numbness on the outer thigh?

  Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
• What nerve is affected if a patient develops a 'claw' hand following a medial epicondyle fracture?

  Ulnar nerve
• What nerve is affected if a patient has wrist drop following a humeral midshaft fracture?

  Radial nerve
• What nerve is affected if a patient has difficulty abducting their arm following a humeral neck fracture?

  Axillary nerve