Unit 6 - Counter Culture

• Alfred Kinsey

  Controversial Indiana University "sexologist" who documented Americans' changing sexual behavior
• American Indian Movement

  Led by Dennis Banks and Russell Means; purpose was to obtain equal rights for Native Americans; protested at the site of the Wounded Knee massacre
• Bayard Rustin

  American Civil Rights activist. Chief organizer of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.
• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

  A 1954 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white students was unconstitutional
• Civil Rights Act of 1964

  Banned discrimination based on race and gender in employment & ended segregation in all public facilities
• De facto segregation

  Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement
• De jure segregation

  Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies.
• Ella Baker

  55 year old executive director of the SCLC; urged student leaders who had encouraged sit-ins to create their own organization (the SNCC - Student Nonviolent Cooperating Committee)
• Freedom Riders

  Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation
• Griswold v. Connecticut 1965

  Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Constitution implicitly guarantees citizens' right to privacy.
• Harvey Milk

  1st openly gay politician in California; one of only a very few in the US at the time. Assassinated while in office; Helped to erase the disgrace of being openly homosexual.
• Loving v. Virginia

  1867 court case that declared all laws against interracial marriage unconstitutional
• Mendez v. Westminster

  Made it illegal to segregate Mexican American children in California schools
• Montgomery Bus Boycott

  Protest in 1955-1956 by African Americans against racial segregation in bus system of Montgomery, Alabama.
• National Organization for Women

  Called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women. Also championed the legalization of abortion and passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution.
• Roe v. Wade 1973

  The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy. Based on 4th Amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons.
• Rosa Parks

  A civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913)
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

  An organization founded by MLK which set to eliminate segregation from American society, encouraged African Americans to vote, and set out a Montgomery boycott against bus segregation
• Stonewall Riots

  A group of riots in new york by homosexuals, marked the beginning of the gay rights movement
• Swann v. Board of Education

  Made racial segregation on buses to schools unconstitutional
• Title IX

  No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance
• United Farm Workers

  Organization of migrant workers formed to win better wages and working conditions led by Cesar Chevez
• Voting Rights Act of 1965

  A policy designed to reduce the barriers to voting for those suffering discrimination
• MLK

  Advocated for the use of nonviolence to achieve equality and the importance of the Civil Rights Movement
• Malcolm X

  Advocated for the use of force to achieve equality and fight against oppression because the government wouldn't
• Strategies of the Civil Rights Movement

  1. Nonviolent direct action (peaceful resistance), legal challenges (Brown v Board of Education & Loving v Virginia), black power (use of force/black panther party), voter registration and political action (increase of African American representation/Voting Rights Act of 1965), and Economic Boycotts (Montogomery Bus Boycott)
• Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

  A group of young black college students who promoted the use of non-violence and conducted sit-ins to protest against racist segregation
• Ho Chi Minh

  Communist leader of North Vietnam
• Ngo Dinh Diem

  Leader of South Vietnam
• Dwight D. Eisenhower

  U.S. 34th president who believed in the "domino theory"
• Domino Theory

  A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will come under the Communist control as well
• John Foster Dulles

  U.S. Secretary of State who believed in the U.S. intervention to prevent communism from spreading
• Vietnamization

  President Richard Nixon's strategy for ending U.S involvement in the Vietnam war: involved a withdrawal of American troops and training of South Vietnamese forces