Neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental

• Intellectual Developmental Disorder 


  Characterized by deficits in general mental abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience
• Intellectual Developmental Disorder


  • Impairment in adaptive functioning that results in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility
  • Ongoing support needed, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities: communication, social participation, and independent living
  • Onset during the developmental period
• Specifiers for Intellectual Developmental Disorder


  • Mild
  • Moderate
  • Severe
  • Profound
• Mild Intellectual Developmental Disorder


  IQ 50-55 to 70, conceptual skills somewhat delayed, social and practical skills only slightly impaired
• Moderate Intellectual Developmental Disorder


  IQ 35-40 to 50-55, conceptual skills markedly delayed, social and practical skills significantly impaired
• Severe Intellectual Developmental Disorder


  IQ 20-25 to 35-40, conceptual skills severely limited, social and practical skills significantly impaired
• Profound Intellectual Developmental Disorder


  IQ below 20-25, conceptual skills generally absent, physical and sensory impairments common, may have some goal-directed behavior, may enjoy relationships with family and caregivers
• Differential Diagnosis IDD includes major or mild neurocognitive disorders, communication disorder, specific learning disorder, autism spectrum disorder
• Autism Spectrum Disorder


  • Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
  • Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
• Diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder include persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
• Specifiers for Autism Spectrum Disorder


  • Level 1 - Requiring support
  • Level 2 - Requiring substantial support
  • Level 3 - Requiring very substantial support
• Differential Diagnosis for Autism Spectrum Disorder includes Rett syndrome, selective mutism, language disorders, intellectual disability, stereotypic movement disorder, ADHD, schizophrenia
• Comorbidities for Autism Spectrum Disorder include anxiety, depression, specific learning disabilities, medical conditions, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, ADHD
• ADHD


  Characterized by impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development
• ADHD Diagnostic Criteria


  • Inattention (6 or more symptoms)
  • Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (6 or more symptoms)
• Differential Diagnosis for ADHD includes ODD, intermittent explosive disorder, other neurodevelopmental disorders, specific learning disorder, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, attachment disorder, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, substance abuse disorders, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, medication-induced ADHD, neurocognitive disorders
• Comorbidities for ADHD include ODD, conduct problems, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, specific learning disorders, sleep disorders, anxiety, mood disorders, bipolar disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, OCD, tic disorders, PTSD, neurodevelopmental disorders
• Neurocognitive Disorders


  Primary cognitive deficits that are acquired rather than developed, affecting learning, memory, consciousness, and causing profound changes in behavior and personality
• Delirium


  Characterized by impaired consciousness and cognition, appearing confused, disoriented, and inattentive, with marked memory and language deficits as a direct consequence of a medical condition
• Alzheimer's Disease


  Characterized by memory, orientation, judgment, reasoning, and facial recognition deficits, typically developing gradually and steadily
• Differential Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease includes other neurocognitive disorders, concurrent active neurologic or systemic illness, major depressive disorder
• Comorbidities for Alzheimer's Disease include most commonly additional medical conditions and cerebrovascular disease