PSY 325

• Ka


  What keeps you alive
• Sattva


  Stability and goodness
• Rajas


  Activation and passion
• Tamas


  Inertia and darkness
• Thurston's theory of intelligence


  • Multiple stable independent abilities
• Fleishman and Reilly's theory of intelligence


  • Cognitive, psychomotor, perceptual, physical
• Guilford's theory of intelligence


  • Hundreds of specific abilities
• Spearman's theory of intelligence


  • Two factor theory (general and specific)
• Source traits


  Fundamental, broad
• Surface traits


  Specific, visible
• Eysenck's PEN model


  • 3 factor model
• HEXACO model


  • Honesty, emotional stability, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness
• Bipolar hypothesis


  • Single system that activates or deactivates
• Bivalent hypothesis


  • Competing and separate systems
• Affective workspace


  Flexible set of valence-general regions
• Situationist approach


  • Limit to how well personality can predict behaviour, situations must be more important, human assessment of others is flawed
• Fundamental attribution error


  Infer traits from snapshots
• Lexical hypothesis


  Maybe traits don't determine language
• Canonical situation


  Objective reality - what is going on in the outside world truly
• Functional situation


  Perceived reality - what do you perceive is going on in the outside world
• Interactionism


  • Situation influences behaviour, personality influences behaviour, behaviour influences situation
• Issues with environment - reverse causality, biology may influence personality which influences environment
• x = T + E

  x = score on a measure, t = true standing on trait, e = error
• Continuity principle


  Consistent roles are cause of continuity
• Social investment principle


  Pursuing social roles can cause change in personality
• Corresponsive principle


  • Active - choose environment that fits personality and reinforce it, Reactive - choose to avoid environment that don't fit, Evocative - change environment
• 1. d model of temperament


  • Pos emotionality - grows into E and O, bx activation system, Neg emotionality - grows into N, bx inhibition system, Effortful control - grows into C and A
• Thomas and Chess's temperament traits


  • Activity level, Rhythmicity, Distractibility, Approach/withdrawal, Adaptability, Attention span/persistence, Intensity of reaction, Threshold of responsiveness, Quality of mood
• Kagan's temperament types


  • High reactivity - fearful - inhibited child, Low reactivity - uninhibited child
• Dunedin study temperament types


  • Well adjusted, Confident, Reserved, Undercontrolled, Inhibited
• Cohort effects


  Ages grow up in shared environments that are different from different ages
• Principles of personality


  • Plasticity principle, Identity principle, Cumulative continuity principle, Maturity principle, Role continuity principle, Social investment principle, Corresponsive principle
• Neuroticism is the most desired trait to be changed
• Extraversion is the least heritable trait
• DRD4 gene


  • Control/regulation of emotions, bx, body movement, linked to ADHD and impulsivity, avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive
• BDNF gene


  • Learning memory, nerve growth factor, linked to borderline personality disorder
• COMT gene


  • Reasoning ability, linked to extraversion
• 1. HTT gene


  • Uptake of serotonin, linked to higher neuroticism, anxiety, anger, depression, impulsiveness, borderline, avoidant, obsessive compulsive
• SNAP-25 gene


  • Helps release neurotransmitters, linked to ADHD, more neuroticism, less sleep
• CNTNAP2 gene


  • Linked to openness