APHG 2

• Arithmetic Density


  Population / total land
• Physiological Density


  Population / total ARABLE land
• Agricultural Density


  FARMERS / total ARABLE land
• South Asia Population Clusters


  India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, & Sri Lanka
• Southeast Asia Population Clusters


  Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, & Islands of Java
• East Asia Population Clusters


  Eastern China, Japan, Korean Peninsula, & Taiwan
• Europe Population Clusters


  Monaco, Germany, France
• Clusters of population can create a lack of jobs
• CBR


  Crude Birth Rate
• CDR


  Crude Death Rate
• NIR


  Natural Increase Rate
• TFR


  Total Fertility Rate
• IMR


  Infant Mortality Rate
• Doubling Time


  The amount of time it will take for a population to double
• Interregional Migration


  Movement from one region of a country to another region
• Intraregional Migration


  Movement is within one region of a country
• Stage 1 of the DTM


  High CBR and CDR: Low NIR

  Substinence Farmers

  Low Life expectancy

  NO COUNTRIES LEFT IN STAGE ONE
• Stage 2 of the DTM


  High CBR and decreasing CDR: High NIR

  Migration to stage 3 and 4 countries

  Increasing life expectancies

  EX. Angola, Sudan
• Stage 3 of the DTM


  Decreasing CBR and CDR: Moderate NIR

  Increasing life expectancy

  Increased urbanization

  EX. Mexico, Vietnam
• Stage 4 of the DTM


  Low CBR and CDR: ZPG (zero population growth)

  High life expectancy

  Counter-Urbanization

  EX. USA, China, Germany
• Malthusian Theory


  Population will outgrow food sources
• Population decreases as industrialization continues
• Pronatalist Policies


  Policies that are designed to help increase the birth / fertility rate of a state EX. France, Germany, Romania
• Anti-natalist policies


  Policies that are designed to help reduce the birth / fertility rate of a place EX. China, Ethiopia, Vietnam
• GDP per capita


  A measure of a country’s economic output that accounts for its number of people
• Dependency ratio


  The ratio of the number of people not in the workforce & those who are in the workforce

  EX. Elderly and Children
• Immigration 


  A permanent move into a place
• Emigration


  Leaving a place as part of a permanent move
• Migration


  A temporary move from one place to another
• Push Factors


  The things that “push” a person to migrate from a place
• Pull factors


  The things that “pull” a person to migrate to a place
• Economics is the #1 reason why people migrate
• Intervening OBSTACLE


  An environmental or cultural element that prevents or hinders migration
• Intervening OPPORTUNITY


  A cultural, economic, political, or environmental factor that causes a person to stop migrating to their original destination.
• Ravensteins Laws of Migration


  • Most migrants travel short distances & travel in step migration
  • Migrants traveling longer distances go to urban areas
  • Rural residents are more likely to migrate than urban
  • Families are less likely to migrate across national borders
  • Every migration stream creates a counterstream
  • Females are more migratory domestically, while males are more migratory over long distances
  • Urban areas grow more by migration than by NIR
  • Migration increases economic development
  • Migration is mostly due to economic causes
  • Migration goes from agricultural regions to urban regions
  • Migration increases with advancements in technology and transportation
• Forced Migration


  People who are forced to flee their homes due to circumstances outside of their control
• Voluntary Migration


  People who have the choice on whether or not to migrate
• Refugee


  A person who has been forced to cross an international border in order to escape persecution, war, or natural disasters
• Internally Displaced Person (IDP)


  A person who is forced to leave their home region to escape unfavorable conditions, however they DO NOT cross an international border.
• Step Migration


  Migration occurs in stages; Migrants will stop at places along the way to their destination