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biology
obtaining nutrients and digestion u1 AoS2
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Cards (10)
Digestive System
Physical/chemical
breakdown
of food, absorption of
nutrients
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Digestive
System
4 main roles: Ingestion, Digestion,
Absorption
,
Egestion
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Digestion
1.
Mechanical
/Physical digestion
2.
Chemical
digestion
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Mechanical
/Physical digestion
Large pieces of food are broken down into
smaller
pieces by
mastication
(chewing in mouth) or by muscular movement in stomach
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Chemical digestion
Enzymes break down complex structures into their
simplest
forms (often using
hydrolysis
reactions)
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Ingestion
1.
Mastication
in mouth
2.
Tongue
moves food, increasing contact with
teeth
3.
Salivary
glands release
amylase
4.
Food
moves to
oesophagus
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Digestion - Stomach
1. Food moves down
oesophagus
by
peristalsis
2. Stomach is
muscular
and can
stretch
3. Circular muscles called
sphincters
regulate
movement
4.
Mechanical
digestion by stomach
wall
5. Gastric juice secreted containing mucus, HCl,
lipase
, pepsin,
protease
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Digestion
- Small Intestine
1. Chyme moves from stomach to
small
intestine by
peristalsis
2.
Pyloric
sphincter controls amount of chyme entering
3.
Pancreatic
juice containing amylase, trypsin,
lipase
, bicarbonate enters duodenum
4.
Bile
from
liver
breaks down fats
5.
Trypsin
and erepsin break down peptides into
amino acids
6.
Carbohydrates
broken down further
7. Most
water
absorbed
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Absorption
Removes products of digestion
Nutrients move from
gut
to
blood
by diffusion/active transport
Lining of small intestine contains
villi
to
increase surface area
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Egestion
1. Large intestine compacts undigested food, absorbs
water
and
salts
2.
Bacteria
in colon act on undigested food, producing
vitamins
3.
Peristalsis
pushes waste to
rectum
4.
Waste
eliminated through
anus
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