SWK 107 FINALS

• Group


  At least two people gathered with a common purpose or interests in a cognitive, affective, and social interchange in single or repeated encounters
• Group


  • Form impression with one another
  • Create a set of norms
  • Develop goals
  • Create a sense of identity distinct from others
• Examples of groups

  • Family groups
  • Friendship groups
  • Work groups
  • Hobby groups
  • Treatment groups
• Short-term group


  Provide people with way to experience a group for a limited period of time
• Long-term group


  Provide people with way to experience a group for a more extensive period of time
• Aggregate


  A simple collection of group of people who are on the same location usually experiencing common influences, without a bond or significant interaction; may share some characteristics, not organized
• Social group


  An exclusive self-organizing form of social organization; comprised of two or more members who identify and interact with one another on a personal basis as individuals; the nature of the relationship is like that in a natural group
• Primary group


  Gemeinschaft relationships (relationship is based on common feelings) dominate in primary groups. It comprises the individual's earliest form of human association, typically the family or its surrogate
• Natural group


  These are groups that come together spontaneously on the basis of naturally occurring events, interpersonal attraction, or the mutually perceived needs of members
• Examples of natural groups

  • Families
  • Peer groups
  • Street gangs
  • Cliques
  • Friendship networks
• Formed group


  These are groups that come together through some outside influence or intervention. They usually have some sponsorship or affiliation
• In-group


  Are defined as those social groupings in which the individual feels at home; the group shares some common interests, some shared expectations, and some norms which render behavior more predictable among group members
• Out-group


  Are defined as those social groupings in which the individual does not feel a sense of belonging
• Treatment group


  May also be referred to as "small helping groups" (groupwork or social groupwork); In social work, a method of intervention to help meet personal needs of its members
• Task group


  Are formed and maintained so that specific activities or jobs can be accomplished; also referred to as 'work groups'; designed to complete a job or to provide ongoing advice or monitoring
• RA 4373 Social work is defined herein as “the profession which is primarily concerned with organized social service activity aimed to facilitate and strengthen basic social relationships and the mutual adjustment between individuals and their social environment for the good of the individual and of society by the use of social work methods
• YMCA (1911) - YWCA (1926) - Boy Scouts of the Philippines (1936): Wholesome leisure time, Recreational activities
• 1950s Philippine Youth Welfare and Coordinating Council - Using groups for preventive and developmental goals of OSY thru, Leadership and Skills training
• 1958-1959 - Philippine Mental Health Association
• 1960s PWU (PSSW) and the Philippine Youth Welfare Coordinating Council- students worked with youth groups for socialization and developmental goals University of the Philippines and St. Luke’s - Had their students work for preventive-development group work
• Mutual support


  • A climate of peer support, in addition to support from the worker, reduces anxiety and facilitates self-expression and willingness to try out new ideas and behaviors
• Cohesiveness


  • The mutual acceptance of members and commitment to the group make the group attractive to its members
• Quality of relationships


  • When the relationship with the worker and between the members provides a blend of support and challenge, these positive relationships can serve as a corrective emotional experience
• Universality - The realization that similar feelings and difficulties are common among the members lessens the sense of being unique and alone. Self-esteem and mutual esteem are enhanced by the recognition that others have difficulties, too, and yet are likeable and worthy people.
• A sense of hope - By identifying with the group, members may become influenced by optimistic goals of others and move toward them. They perceive how others have endured similar problems and coped with them successfully.
• Altruism - Self-esteem and personal identity are enhanced as members learn that they can extend help to others and get something helpful back.
• Acquisition of knowledge and skills - The group is a safe place to acquire needed knowledge; to risk new ideas, efforts, and behaviors; and to learn valued social skills.
• Catharsis - Expression of feelings and disclosure of ideas and experiences, as these are accepted by others, lessen anxiety and free energies for work toward the achievement of desired goals.
• Reality testing - Groups provide a dynamic environment in which multiple perspectives are shared. Members use each other as sounding boards for comparing feelings, opinions, and facts. Feedback from peers is often more candid and explicit than are responses offered by the worker.
• Group control - Through behaving in accordance with the group’s expectations, members reduce their resistance to authority, suppress inappropriate behavior, endure frustration, and accept necessary and fair limitations. Temporary group controls serve as a means toward the goal of appropriate self control.
• Groups Effect changes Darwin Cartwright: 1) Groups as Medium of Change (changes the members); 2) Groups as Target of Change (changes the group itself); 3) Groups as Agent of Change (changes the social environment
• Uses of Groups by Margaret E. Hartford: 1) Effect on Participants (individual change); 2) Collective Problem-Solving ; 3) Change Social Situation
• Assessment as a Process: It is the process of gathering, analysing, and synthesizing salient data into a formulation that encompasses (1) the nature of client’s problems, (2) the functioning (strengths, limitations, personality assets and deficiencies) of client and significant others, (3) motivation of clients to work on the problems, (4) relevant environmental factors that contribute to the problem, and (5) resources that are available or are needed to ameliorate the client’s difficulties.
• Assessment as a Product: It involves an actual formulation or a written statement regarding the nature of client’s problem/s at a given time.
• Family Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (FRVA): To determine internal and external risk factors and vulnerabilities that may impair the family’s ability to comply with program conditions and disrupt/block the attainment of self-sufficiency level of well-being. Adopted from the Social Protection Vulnerability and Adaptation Manual (SPVAM), DSWD, 2014. Used by the LGUs: City/Municipal and Barangay level
• The Case Study: A concrete statement prepared by the Social Worker to crystallize his/her assessment of the client’s situation (based on data compiled, organized and synthesized in the assessment stage) and makes explicit the objectives he/she will pursue to implement these objectives.
• Change potential statement: Indicate their resiliency/ strength factors (I’ am - internal resources, I have - external resources, I can -competence and skills, I will - resolution to problem from their point of view)
• Acceptance - respecting the group whatever its circumstances.
• Participation - This principle requires the worker to involve the group in all the steps of problem-solving.
• Self-determination - The worker must respect the group's right to determine its own goals and the means for achieving them.