MAPEH ARTS LESSON 1

• Theater


  Where playwrights write scripts
• First recorded form of European theater started in Athens, Greece


  Sixth century BCE
• Dionysus


  God of wine and fertility
• Thespis


  First actor
• Types of Greek plays


  • Comedy
  • Tragedy
• Comedy


  Makes people laugh
• Tragedy


  Influential and popular
• Famous playwrights of Greek tragedy

  • Aeschylus
  • Sophocles
  • Euripides
• Parts of Greek theater


  • Diazomata - broad curving
  • Theatron/Koilon/Cavea - enclosure, audience space, influenced the roman cavea
  • Prohedia - front or around the orchestra, honored seats
  • Orchestra - circular manner/semi-circular, stage
  • Skene - tent behind the opera
• Greek Actors' Costumes and Props


  • Masks - lightweight materials, define the characters, play more than one role, helped audience in the far seated areas see and hear
  • Costumes - indicates social status, gender, and age, elaborate and decorated
  • Props - crown (king), lyre (musician), walking stick (age), caduceus (messenger), spears and helmets (military men)
• Oedipus Rex


  Greek drama of Athenian tragedy by Sophocles, performed around 429 BCE, second to be written in the trilogy: Oedipus at Colonus (401 BCE), Antigone (441 BCE), psychological murder mystery and a political thriller
• Characters in Oedipus Rex


  • Oedipus (swollen feet)
  • King Laius of Corinth
  • Queen Jocasta
  • King Polybus
  • Oracle
• Sphinx's riddle


  What is the creature that walks on four legs in the morning, two legs in noon, and three in the evening? Answer: Man
• Around 300 BCE, Romans were inspired by the arts and culture of the Greeks
• In the Roman world, tragedy plays were translated into Latin
• Parts of a Roman amphitheater


  • Horse-shoe-shaped seating area, elliptical seat-shape type
  • Free standing stage building
• Colosseum/Coliseum


  Coined to refer the amphitheater, oval amphitheater, largest amphitheater - built by the Flavian dynasty (Flavian Amphitheater)
• Roman Theater Costumes and Props


  • Chiton - standard design
  • Tunic - long robe
  • Himation - heavier drape or a cloak
  • Colors and Description: Purple - rich man, emperor, Red - poor man, Yellow - woman, Yellow Tassel - God, Boy - toga, Soldiers - short cloaks, Slave - short tunics, Sandals - boxa
• Smart Araneta Colosseum


  "the big dome", constructed in 1957, largest indoor arenas in Asia, notable events "Thrilla in Manila" boxing match between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier in 1975, 108 in width, 899 in length
• Three types of Renaissance drama


  • Tragedy - downfall
  • Comedy - entertainment, copied from the Roman or Greek settings
  • Pastoral - nature, shepherds, shepherdess, nymphs and satyrs
• Florentine Camerata


  A group of humanists, they believed that Greek tragedies were sung or chanted
• Dafne (1594)


  First opera
• Claudio Monteverdi


  First known great operatic composer, highlighted the musical aspect and pioneered the development of opera
• L'Orfeo (1607)


  Example of the development of opera
• Around 1650, operas popularity grew throughout Italy
• Innovators in Renaissance stagecraft


  • Artists: Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
  • Musicians: Monteverdi
  • Poet: Tasso
• Terence stage


  Built between the late 15th and early 16th century
• The Casket (1508)


  By Ariosto
• Seating configurations in Renaissance theaters


  • Box
  • Pit
  • Gallery
• The English Renaissance theater or Elizabethan theater took place from 1558 to 1603
• Notable English Renaissance theaters


  • The Red Lion (1567)
  • The Theater by James Burbage (1576)
  • Curtain Theater (1577)
  • The Rose (1587)
  • The Swan (1595)
  • The Globe (1599)
  • The Fortune (1600)
  • The Red Bull (1604)
• Design of English Renaissance theaters


  • Three stories high, stage - platform surrounded on three sides, balcony - upper level
• Plays performed in this design


  • Romeo and Juliet, Anthony and Cleopatra, Julius Caesar
• Playwrights of the English Renaissance theater


  • Christopher Marlowe - Doctor Faust
  • William Shakespeare - Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Julius Caesar, Much Ado Nothing, The Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Nights Dream
• Costumes of the English Renaissance theater


  • Corset - inner garments made of whalebone, petite body frame
  • Stomacher - filler for the deep neck, intricate embroidery
  • Taffeta - silk with a crisp texture
  • Brocade - richly decorative woven fabric
  • Britches or Breeches - short trousers
  • Doublet - well-fitted coat
  • Cravat - short and wide strip