Article 37-42

• Article 37


  Juridical capacity, which is the fitness to be the subject of legal relations, is inherent in every natural person and is lost only through death. Capacity to act, which is the power to do acts with legal effect, is acquired and may be lost.
• Artificial person


  Entity that recognized and owes its existence in the law and possesses certain rights, protections, privileges, responsibilities, and liabilities similar to those of a natural person.
• Natural person


  Every human being from the creation of God with the help of parents and born by meeting sperm and egg cells that undergo fertilization and also owe their existence through process of conception
• Article 38


  Minority, insanity or imbecility, the state of being a deaf-mute, prodigality and civil interdiction are mere restrictions on capacity to act, and do not exempt the incapacitated person from certain obligations, as when the latter arise from his acts or from property relations, such as easements.
• Article 39

  The following circumstances, among others, modify or limit capacity to act: age, insanity, imbecility, the state of being a deaf-mute, penalty, prodigality, family relations, alienage, absence, insolvency and trusteeship. The consequences of these circumstances are governed in this Code, other codes, the Rules of Court, and in special laws. Capacity to act is not limited on account of religious belief or political opinion.

  A married woman, twenty-one years of age or over, is qualified for all acts of civil life, except in cases specified by law
• CHAPTER 2


  Natural Persons
• Article 40


  Birth determines personality; but the conceived child shall be considered born for all purposes that are favorable to it, provided it be born later with the conditions specified in the following article.
• Article 41


  For civil purposes, the foetus is considered born if it is alive at the time it is completely delivered from the mother’s womb. However, if the foetus had an intra-uterine life of less than seven months, it is not deemed born if it dies within twenty-four hours after its complete delivery from the maternal womb.
• Article 42


  Civil personality is extinguished by death.
• Full civil capacity


  Juridical capacity + capacity to act
• presumptive personality 


  Personality from womb
• Actual personality


  personality from birth nilabas na sa tiyan
• Civil purpose


  Civil rights of a person through civil personality
• Civil personality


  civil rights, karapatang pang tao to achieve happiness
• civil death


  loss of capacity to act