Sec 8

• Hazard


  A condition or combination of conditions that, if left uncorrected, may lead to an accident, illness, or property damage
• Hazard ranking

  • Potentially catastrophic
  • Critical
  • Marginal
  • Nuisance
• Hazard analysis

  A systematic process for identifying hazards and recommending corrective action
• Approaches to hazard analysis

  • Preliminary
  • Detailed
• Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA)


  • Forming an ad hoc team of experienced personnel who are familiar with the equipment, material substance, and process being analyzed
  • Experience and related expertise are critical in conducting a PHA
• Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)


  A detailed hazard analysis method that involves dividing a system into its various components, examining each component to determine how it may fail, rating the probability of failure, and deciding what effect these failures would have
• Hazard and operability review (HAZOP)


  A detailed hazard analysis method that was developed for use in the chemical industry, involving forming a team of experts and brainstorming
• Human error analysis (HEA)


  Used to predict human error and its potential effects, can be used in conjunction with FMEA and HAZOP
• Technic of operations review (TOR)


  A hazard analysis method that allows workers and supervisors to conduct the analysis, using a worksheet with a sequence of yes-no options
• Fault tree analysis (FTA)


  A hazard analysis method that uses a graphic model to display the analytical process visually, resembling a logic diagram
• Risk analysis

  Revolves around answering two questions: (1) How frequently does a given event occur? (2) How severe are the consequences of a given event?
• The fundamental rule of thumb of risk analysis is that risk is lessened by decreasing the frequency and severity of hazard-related events
• Hazard prevention and reduction strategies

  • Eliminate
  • Substitute
  • Reduce
  • Remove
  • Isolate
  • Dilute
• Other effective hazard prevention and reduction methods

  • Using personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • Training
  • Good housekeeping
• Risk assessment

  Should answer four questions: (1) How severe are potential injuries? (2) How frequently are employees exposed to the potential hazards? (3) What is the possibility of avoiding the hazard if it does occur? (4) What is the likelihood of an injury if a safety-control system fails?
• Risk is the likelihood of an accident happening, based on past experience
• Grounding

  • Safety feature protects from malfunction
  • it is the thrid prong on the cord
• Which of the following is an example of an unsafe practice regarding the use of tools?

  .a. Keeping cutting tools sharp b. Wearing eye and face protection while operating a grinder c. Using a screwdriver to carve or cut wood d. Following manufacturer’s instructions when using a tool

  Using a screwdriver to carve or cut wood
• Which term describes a tool that is powered by compressed air?

  .a. Hydraulic b. Powder-actuated c. Electrical d. Pneumatic

  Pneumatic
• Which of the following actions may expose workers to electrical shock hazards and should be avoided?

  .a. Removing the grounding pin on a three-prong plug b. Using double-insulated tools c. Using a grounded adaptor to accommodate a twoprong receptacle d. Removing damaged tools from service and tagging them “Do Not Use”

  Removing the grounding pin on a three-prong plug
• .Which of the following statements about guarding techniques is true?

  .a. Guard the point of operation, in-running nip points, and rotating parts of tools. b. Remove guard from tool while it is in use, then replace when the job is completed. c. Adjust guard on abrasive wheel to allow maximum exposure of the wheel surface. d. Wear PPE because guards will not protect operator from flying chips and sparks or moving parts of tool.

  Guard the point of operation, in-running nip points, and rotating parts of tools.
• Employers must satisfy all of the following requirements, except:

  .a. Provide PPE necessary to protect employees who are operating hand and power tools and are exposed to hazards. b. Comply with OSHA training and inspection standards related to hand and power tools. c. Determine which manufacturer’s requirements and recommendations for a tool shall be followed or ignored. d. Do not issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools.

  Determine which manufacturer’s requirements and recommendations for a tool shall be followed or ignored.