HUMBIO

• Are the muscles that contract (squeeze) and relax to send blood throughout your body

  1. Aorta

  B. Heart

  C. Heart Walls

  D. Myocardium

  C. Heart walls
• 2.Connects to blood vessels that supply the heart muscle and contributes to the

  regulation of heart contractions.

  1. Atrioventricular valves

  B. Endocardium

  C. Pulmonary Trunk

  D. Semilunar valves

  b
• Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body through a large network of arteries. The strongest

  of the four chambers, are what create blood pressure in the body.

  1. left atrium

  B. left ventricle

  C. right atrium

  D. right ventricle

  b
• is a vital structure in the human circulatory system that helps drain large amounts of

  deoxygenated blood from the head, eyes, neck, and upper limbs into the upper right

  chamber of the heart.

  1. Aorta

  B.Inferior vena cava

  C. Pulmonary trunk

  D.Superior vena cava

  b
• Is the largest artery of the body and carries blood from the heart to the circulatory

  system. the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system

  1. Aorta

  B. Atrioventricular valves

  C. Pulmonary veins

  D. Superior vena cava

  a
• Happens when the flow of blood that brings oxygen to a part of your heart muscle

  suddenly becomes blocked. Your heart can’t get enough oxygen.

  A.Aorta Disease and Marfan Syndrome

  B.Heart Attack

  C.Pericarditis

  D. Rheumatic heart disease

  b
• An infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever, triggers your body’s immune response.

  It causes inflammation throughout the body, including in the heart. If untreated, the

  inflammation can lead to permanent heart valve damage and serious health problems.

  A.Aorta Disease and Marfan Syndrome

  B.Heart Attack

  C.Pericarditis

  D. Rheumatic heart disease

  d
• Causes the heart to lose its ability to pump blood well. In some cases, the heart rhythm

  also becomes disturbed. This leads to arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats).

  A.Aorta Disease and Marfan Syndrome

  B. Cardiomyopathies

  C. Heart Attack

  D. Rheumatic heart disease

  b
• Is swelling and irritation of the thin, saclike tissue surrounding the heart.Caused by

  infection, autoimmune disorders, inflammation after a heart attack, or a chest injury.

  A.Aorta Disease and Marfan Syndrome

  B. Cardiomyopathies

  C. Heart Attack

  D. Pericarditis

  d
• Is one layer of your pericardium. The pericardium is a protective sac that covers your

  entire heart. It produces fluid to lubricate your heart and keep it from rubbing against other

  organs.

  1. Endocardium

  B. Epicardium

  C. Heart walls

  D. Myocardium

  b
• Hormones are transported primarily via the bloodstream throughout the

  body, where they regulate target cell responses prompting physiological

  processes. The following are the contributions of these hormones to

  many of our body functions EXCEPT for:

  1. Decision-making

  B. Electrolyte balance

  C. Human Reproduction

  D. Sleep

  a
• Pineal gland consists of pinealocyte cells that produce and secrete the

  amine hormone melatonin, as derived from serotonin. Where is Pineal

  Gland located?

  1. Inferior but somewhat anterior to the thalamus.

  B. Inferior but somewhat posterior to the thalamus.

  C. Superior but somewhat inferior to the thalamus.

  D. Superior but somewhat anterior to the thalamus.

  b
• Pituitary gland is a small gland that dangles from the base of the brain

  like what?

  1. “pea on a line”

  B. “pea on a rope”

  C. “pea on a shoelace”

  D. “pea on a string”

  d
• This gland forms part of the brain and secretes hormones directly into

  the bloodstream under the command of the brain.

  1. Anterior Pituitary

  B. Inferior Pituitary

  C. Posterior Pituitary

  D. Superior Pituitary

  c
• Thyroid gland is a ________________ organ located anterior to the trachea,

  just inferior to the larynx.

  1. Butterfly - shaped

  B. Cone - shaped

  C. Pyramid - shaped

  D. Trapezoid - shaped

  a
• What hormone in the thyroid increases calcium loss in the urine and

  inhibits the activity of osteoclasts, bone cells that release calcium into

  the circulation by degrading bone matrix.

  1. Calcitonin

  B. Thyroxine

  C. Triiodothyronine

  D. Oxytocin

  a
• The pancreas is a long, slender organ, most of which is located posterior

  to the bottom half of the stomach. This produces the following hormones

  EXCEPT for:

  1. Insulin

  B. Glucagon

  C. Somatostatin

  D. Vasopressin

  d
• Embedded within pancreas tissue are specialized regions called the

  ___________________, which house distinct cell types responsible for

  hormone production.

  1. islets of Langerhans

  B. islets of Lingerhans

  C. outlets of Langerhans

  D. outlets of Lingerhans

  a
• The endocrine system originates from all three germ layers of the

  embryo. What hormones arise from the Endoderm layer?

  1. Anterior pituitary hormones, Posterior pituitary hormones and Pineal

  gland hormones

  B. Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin

  C. Thyroid hormones, Parathyroid hormones, Pancreatic hormones, and

  Thymic hormones

  D. Steroid hormones (produced by gonads and adrenal cortex)

  c
• This happens when ovarian function declines, leading to decreased

  estrogen and progesterone levels.

  1. Andropause

  B. Infertility

  C. Menopause

  D. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

  c
• Which part of the nervous system is responsible for including the brain and spinal

  cord?

  1. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

  B) Central Nervous System (CNS)

  C) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  D) Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

  b
• What is the main function of the cerebellum?

  1. Control voluntary movements

  B) Maintain balance and coordination

  C) Process sensory information

  D) Regulate basic life functions

  b
• What is the primary role of the blood-brain barrier?

  1. Allowing toxins and pathogens to enter the central nervous system

  B) Preventing the entry of glucose into the brain

  C) Protecting the brain and spinal cord from harmful substances in the blood

  D) Regulating the flow of cerebrospinal fluid

  c
• 4.Which part of the brain is responsible for mental processes such as reasoning,

  memory, and language interpretation?

  1. Brain Stem

  B) Cerebellum

  C) Cerebrum

  D) Medulla oblongata

  c
• What is the primary function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

  1. To connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body

  B) To control voluntary movements

  C) To independently control certain rapid responses called reflexes

  D) To serve as an information superhighway

  a
• Which division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) primarily senses the

  external environment and controls voluntary activities?

  1. Autonomic nervous system

  B) Parasympathetic division

  C) Somatic nervous system

  D) Sympathetic division

  c
• Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the

  body to fight or flee in response to a perceived danger?

  1. Mixed nerves

  B) Parasympathetic division

  C) Somatic nervous system

  D) Sympathetic division

  d
• Which type of cell is responsible for the electrical signals that communicate

  information about sensations and produce movements in response to stimuli?

  1. Astrocytes

  B) Glial cells

  C) Neurons

  D) Satellite cells

  c
• What is the primary function of glial cells in the nervous system?

  1. Initiating electrical signals

  B) Producing movements in response to stimuli

  C) Providing structural support and aiding neuron function

  D) Transmitting sensory information to the brain

  c
• Which division of the nervous system involves detecting stimuli from the

  environment or within the body and carrying this sensory information to the brain and

  spinal cord for processing?

  1. Integration

  B) Motor function

  C) Multipolar neurons

  D) Sensory function

  d
• It is often called the “master gland”.

  1. Adrenal Glands

  B. Pineal Gland

  C. Pituitary Gland

  D. Parathyroid Gland

  C
• The adrenal cortex makes hormones called _____ that help control salt and

  water balance in the body

  1. Corticosteroids

  B. Catecholamines

  C. Calcitonin

  D. Antidiuretic

  a
• It is a tiny gland in your brain that’s located beneath the back part of the

  corpus callosum.

  1. Gonads

  B. Pineal Gland

  C. Adrenal Glands

  D. Pancreas

  b
• Where is the hypothalamus located?

  1. Lower central part of the brain

  B. Behind the stomach

  C. Behind the thyroids in the neck

  D. At the front of the neck

  a
• What do you call the inner part of the adrenal gland?

  1. Adrenal cortex

  B. Adrenal medulla

  C. Adrenaline

  D. None of the above

  b
• Which gland produces hormones that helps kids’ and teens’ bones grow and

  develop?

  1. Adrenal

  B. Hypothalamus

  C. Parathyroid

  D. Thyroid

  d
• They are chemicals that affect a lot of the bodily functions ranging from hunger,

  reproduction and growth to much more complicated functions like human

  emotions and behaviour.

  1. Hormones

  B. Glucagon

  C. Insulin

  D. Adrenaline

  a
• The pituitary gland produces this which stimulates the thyroid gland to make

  thyroid hormones.

  1. Antidiuretic

  B. Thyrotropin

  C. Endorphin

  D. Calcitonin

  b
• Ovaries produce _______ that is important for reproduction and female sex

  characteristics.

  1. Estrogen

  B. Progesterone

  C. Both A and B

  D. None of the above

  10. The pineal gland produces

  c
• The pineal gland produces a hormone known as ___ which influences the

  body’s sleep/wake cycle.

  1. Insulin

  B. Melatonin

  C. Calcitonin

  D. Endorphins

  b