RDL SUMMATIVE

• Research Design


  A blueprint or type of inquiry within qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach that provides specific direction for procedures
• Qualitative Research Design


  • Open and flexible allowing researchers modify their design so easy
  • Involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences
  • Used to gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research
• Case Study


  Analysis of persons, groups, events, decisions, periods, policies, institutions or other systems that are studied holistically by one or more methods. It investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context.
• Case Study


  • Provides more understanding on complex issue
  • Applies variety of methodologies and sources to investigate a research problem
  • Extends experience or adds strength to what is already known through previous research
  • Most widely used by social scientists to examine contemporary real-life situations and provide the basis for the application of concepts
  • Can provide detailed descriptions of specific and rare cases
• Case Study


  • Intense exposure to the study may bias a researcher's interpretation of the findings
  • Design does not facilitate assessment of cause and effect relationships
  • Vital information may be missing, making the case hard to interpret
  • The case may not be representative or typical of the larger problem being investigated
• Ethnography


  Study of cultural patterns of people and their perspective as a group. It also involves their beliefs, values and attitudes.
• Grounded Theory


  Development of theory directly based and grounded in data collected by the researcher. It is an approach that generates and modifies a theory.
• Narrative Inquiry


  Tales of experience or imagination and come naturally to human beings.
• Phenomenology


  A phenomenon is something you experience on Earth as a person. It is a sensory experience that makes you perceive or understand things that naturally occur in your life such as death, joy, friendship, care giving, defeat, victory, and the like.
• Sampling


  A process used in statistical analysis in which a predetermined number of observations taken in larger population
• Types of Sampling Methods


  • Probability Sampling
  • Non-probability Sampling
• Probability Sampling


  A sampling technique in which sample from a larger population are chosen using a method based on the theory of probability
• Probability Sampling Methods


  • Simple Random Sampling
  • Cluster Sampling
  • Systematic Sampling
  • Stratified Random Sampling
• Non-probability Sampling


  A sampling method that is reliant on a researcher's ability to select members at random. This sampling method is not a fixed or pre-defined selection process which makes it difficult for all elements of a population to have equal opportunities to be included in a sample.
• Non-probability Sampling Methods


  • Purposeful/Purposive Sampling
  • Quota Sampling
  • Snowball Sampling
• Purposeful/Purposive Sampling


  The most common sampling strategy where participants are selected or sought based on pre-selected criteria based on the research question
• Quota Sampling


  A sampling technique whereby participant quotas are preset prior to sampling
• Snowball Sampling


  Also known as chain referral sampling where the participants refer the researcher to others who may be able to potentially contribute or participate in the study
• Data Collection is very important in the aspect of research
• Researcher should choose the proper sampling method to answer what was asked in the research problem
• Sampling

  A process used in statistical analysis in which a predetermined number of observations taken in larger population
• The methodology used to sample from a larger population depends on the type of analysis being performed
• Types of Sampling: Sampling Methods

  • Probability Sampling
  • Non-probability Sampling
• Probability Sampling


  • Sample from a larger population are chosen using a method based on the theory of probability
  • Every member of the population has a chance of being selected
• Simple Random Sampling


  Method of collecting data where every single member of a population is chosen randomly, merely by chance and each individual has the exact same probability of being chosen to be a part of a sample
• Cluster Sampling


  Researchers divide the entire population into sections or clusters that represent a population. Clusters are identified and included in a sample on the basis of defining demographic parameters such as age, location, sex etc.
• Systematic Sampling


  Members of a sample are chosen at regular intervals of a population. It requires selection of a starting point for the sample and sample size that can be repeated at regular intervals
• Stratified Random Sampling


  Population can be divided into smaller groups, that don't overlap but represent the entire population together. While sampling, these groups can be organized and then draw a sample from each group separately
• Non-probability Sampling


  • Reliant on a researcher's ability to select members at random. This sampling method is not a fixed or pre-defined selection process which makes it difficult for all elements of a population to have equal opportunities to be included in a sample
• Purposeful/Purposive Sampling


  Participants are selected or sought based on pre-selected criteria based on the research question
• Quota Sampling


  Participant quotas are preset prior to sampling. Researcher is attempting to gather data from a certain number of participants that meet certain characteristics that may include things such as age, sex, class, marital status, HIV status, etc.
• Snowball Sampling


  Also known as chain referral sampling. Participants refer the researcher to others who may be able to potentially contribute or participate in the study. This method often helps researchers find and recruit participants that may otherwise be hard to reach