QUAILE LAB (FINALS) - automation

• Hematological Evaluation


  Nearly always requires enumeration of the formed elements of the blood and determination of morphology of each type
• Manual Method


  • It can be time-consuming, tedious, and imprecise
• Automated Method


  • It provides less error
• For WBC and Differential Count


  1. Uses flow cytometer by laser

  2. Diluted blood is injected into the flow cell surrounded by sheath fluid

  3. Blood cells pass through the center of the flow cell in a single column at a faster speed

  4. Blood cells are exposed to a laser beam

  5. The intensity of scattered light reflects the blood cell size and intracellular density
• Low -Angle Scattered Light


  For cell size
• High-Angle Scattered Light


  For intracellular density such as nucleus size and density
• For RBC and Platelet


  1. Uses electrical impedance

  2. Based on the measurement of changes in resistance produced by a particle

  3. Blood cells are suspended in conductive silence as they pass through an aperture of known dimensions

  4. As particles pass through the aperture, a transitory change in the resistance between the electrodes is produced

  5. The amplitude of each pulse is proportional to the volume of each particles

  6. Each pulse is amplified and compared to the internal reference voltage channel

  7. The analyzer presents the RBC or platelet histogram

  
• 1. X-Axis


  Cell volume or size in femtoliters (fL)
• 1. Y-Axis


  Number of cells
• Black Line


  Represents the normal cell distribution
• Red Line


  Graphically represents a microcytic red cell population
• For Hemoglobin


  1. Use of colorimetric method

  2. WBC or HGB dilution is delivered to the HGB bath where it is bubble mixed with a certain amount of lyse, converting hemoglobin to a Hb complex that is measured at 53 nm

  3. Light passes through the sample and is then measured by an optical sensor that is mounted on the opposite side

  4. The signal is then amplified and the voltage is measured and compared to the blank reference reading

  5. Hb is measured and calculated in the analyzer automatically

  6. Expressed in g/L
• HGB (g/L) = Constant × Log 10 (Blank Photocurrent / Sample Photocurrent)
• (1) Preparation before Startup

  1. Check the waste container and its tube

  2. Check the reagents and their tubes

  3. Check and make sure the power cable of the analyzer is properly plugged into the power outlet

  4. Check if the external printer and barcode scanner (optional) are properly connected to the analyzer
• Startup and Login

  1. Change the power switch "O|I" at the backside to ON position

  2. The indicator lights up

  3. The analyzer automatically enters the startup process

  4. User login - Input the username and password to log into the system
• Sample and Analysis

  1. Sample collection (EDTA)

  2. Inputting the patient information - Click the "Next Sample" button in the "Sample Analysis" interface then input patient information in the popup info editing window

  3. Select the test mode - Click the "Mode" button in the "Sample Analysis" interface to select any of the following modes: Whole Blood-CBC + DIFF, Whole Blood-CBC, Capillary WB-CBC + DIFF, Capillary WB-CBC, Prediluted-CBC + DIFF, Prediluted-CBC

  4. If you select Prediluted-CBC + DIFF or Prediluted-CBC, prepare a clean test tube (uncapped or plain) and place it under the sample probe, click the "Diluent" button on the top of the screen and press the "Aspirate" key, the analyzer will automatically inject 480 µL of diluent into the test tube, then aspirate 20 µL of capillary blood into the test tube and mix them to complete the sample pre-treatment

  5. Testing process and printing - Place the prepared test sample under the sample probe and press the "Aspirate" key, the analyzer will aspirate the sample and complete the test automatically, if the printing is set to auto mode, the result will be printed automatically after the sample test, if not, click the "Print" button on the top of the screen to print the result
• Result Reviewing and Printing

  1. Click the "Review" button on the top of the screen to enter the results review interface

  2. After selecting a result click the "Edit Info" button to view or edit the patient information

  3. Click the "Search" button to edit the query conditions and query the historical results

  4. Click the "Print" button to print the selected results
• Quality Control

  1. Click "QC" button on the top of the screen to enter the quality control interface

  2. Adding QC File - Click the "Set-Up" then "Add" button and input the Lot number, the expiry date, target values, and limits for parameters of the control, then select "Blood Mode"

  3. Editing QC File - Click the "Set-Up" button, then select a QC file and click the "Edit" button to input the Lot number, expiry date, target values, and limits for parameters of the control, then select "Blood Mode"

  4. Testing QC - In the QC interface, select the corresponding QC file and test the control in the same way as testing normal samples

  5. Reviewing QC Results - In "QC Table" menu, you can print, delete, or clear all QC results

  6. Checking QC Graph - Click "QC Graph" button to enter the QC graph interface, the QC results are shown in the graph, determine whether they are out of control according to the L-J curve
• Calibration

  1. Click the lower left corner of the screen and click "Calibration"

  2. You can select "Manual Calibration," "Calibration with Calibrator," or "Calibration with Fresh Blood"

  3. You need to calibrate the analyzer if: Going to use it for the first time, An analytical component has been changed, Reusing the analyzer after long-term storage, Quality control results indicate that there might be a problem about calibration, Operating environment changes significantly