Cooperation

• Reciprocity is a form of mutual exchange where individuals respond to others' actions with similar actions.
• Altruism is the act of helping or doing good for others without expecting anything in return
• 'Altruism' involves individuals imposing lifetime direct fitness costs to aid others.
• Fill in this table of immediate payoff table?

  Cost + benefits= helping and cooperation

  Cost +Costs= punishment

  A) Helping cooperation

  B) Punishment

  
• Fill in this table of lifelong fitness consequences

  • Cost + Benefit= altruistic behaviour
  • Cost+ cost= spiteful behaviour

  A) Aultruism

  B) Selfish

  
• Fill out Social behaviour mediators flowchart

  Classifying social behaviour

  A) Byproduct mutualism

  B) Pseudo-reciprocity

  C) Reciprocity

  
• This is a type of interaction where species benefit as a byproduct of another behaviour?

  Byproduct mutualism
• For instance, leftover food from a predator feeding might serve as a food source for other animals., this is an example of byproduct mutualism
• A situation where a favour or benefit is given with the expectation of receiving a similar benefit in return this is reciprocity
• This is a situation where an individual performs a beneficial act towards another with no immediate expectation of a return benefit, pseudo-reciprocity
• • Byproduct mutualism: Benefits occur as a secondary result of another behavior.
  • Mutual benefit: Both parties immediately gain benefits.
  • Reciprocity: A favor is returned directly by the receiving party.
  • Indirect reciprocity: A favor is returned by a third party, enhancing the giver's reputation.
  • Pseudo-reciprocity: The giver benefits from the existence or situation of the receiver, not a direct return of favor.
• Fill the prisoners dilemma game out

  • Best option if you play many rounds: cooperation x cooperation
  • Best option for 1 round: defect

  A) defect

  B) cooperate

  C) defect

  D) defect

  
• Defecting in the prisoner's dilema payoffs is the best economic decision to make by Nash equilibrium
• What is the public good game, and what social strategy is best?

  In a more complex prisoner dilemma with money, the best thing to do is defect or free ride

  
• Repeated interactions often make individuals?

  Cooperate
• A conditional cooperation strategy is found in what game?

  Tit-for-Tat
• What type of reciprocity in the T-T-T game do we see here?

  A) Direct positive reciprocity

  B) Indirect positive reciprocity

  
• Indirect positive reciprocity is very important to reputation management

  
• A situation where a benefit or favour is given with the expectation of receiving a similar benefit in return is reciprocity
• "I will pick up your shift if you can cover my birthday week" taking on an extra shift, with expectation that the co-worker would do the same for them in the future is an example of?

  Positive Direct reciprocity
• Imagine you're in school, and you help a classmate understand a complex math problem. The next day, a different classmate helps you with your English homework. Even though it wasn't the same classmate you helped, you've experienced what?

  Indirect positive reciprocity expectation of receieving a benefit after paying a cost in future circumstances
• You plant a tree in your garden. You don't necessarily expect the tree to do something for you in return. However, as the tree grows, it provides shade and improves the overall beauty of your garden. This is an example of?

  Indirect positive Pseudo-reciprocity a beneficial act towards another with no immediate expectation of a return benefit. The return can be from the existence of the receiver itself.
• Differences between the reciprocities include the expectations and the outcomes

  • Direct positive reciprocity = immediate return of favour by interaction partner 2X
  • Indirect positive reciprocity immediate return of favour by stranger 3X
  • Pseudo-reciprocity= no immediate expectation of a return benefit. The existence can be the return