DRRR

• disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to scope using its own resources.
• disasters are associated with large-scale destructive events such as typhoon, earthquakes, and volcanic eruption that cause widespread loss of life, injury, or property
• vulnerability factors - being homeless or financially challenged, education, climate change, and human induced environmental change
• disaster is the result of the combination of hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and risks
• disaster risk is the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society, or a community in a specific period of time
• the 2015 world risk report released by the united nations university institute for environment and human security ranks the philippines as the third highest country at risk to disasters
• the world risk index or WRI is based on 28 indicators and research data, and determines the risk to disaster as a result of vulnerability and natural hazards
• exposure is rated based on its exposure to earthquakes, cyclones, floods, droughts, and rise in sea level
• susceptibility is rated according to its population's access to improved sanitation and water supply
• coping capacity is rated through corruption perception index, failed states index, and insurance coverage
• adaptive capacity is rated through adult literacy rate, water quantity, biodiversity, and habitat
• acceptable risk is used in determining ways to reduce possible harm to people, infrastructure, services, and environmental processes
• residual risk is the remains after efforts of disaster risk reduction. indicator of continuing need for the development of community capacity
• national disaster risk is the intensive and extensive disaster risk that can create a potential nationwide impact either on one event or cumulative
• intensive risk refers to the risk associated with high severity, mid to low frequency disaster the often occur in localized area
• extensive risk refers to the risk associated with low severity, high frequency events, mainly but not exclusively associated with highly localized hazards
• primary effects are direct effects manifested from the disaster event itself
• secondary effects arise from primary effects
• tertiary effects arise from the secondary effects. the effects usually take a longer time to manifest and may involve effects that are diffused among the community members
• physical perspective - sees visible and tangible materials, natural or manmade, that have been affected by disasters. it acknowledges the presences of destroyed infrastructure and buildings, habitats, and properties, among others
• economic perspective - investigates the communities' economic activities and their disruption, this involves the quantifiable factors such as impacts on the health and safety of people, economic progress, and environmental processes
• psychological perspective - focuses on people's mental health in response to disaster impacts, it acknowledges the aftereffects of disasters such as anxiety, state of shock, trauma, disbelief, or depression, among others
• sociocultural perspective - highlights how people respond collectively to disasters based on their perceptions, religions, sectors, values, cultures, and beliefs
• political perspective - targets how government services are utilized to reduce disaster risk and disaster losses. it considers the lack of institutional and non-institutional capacities due to unbalanced political power and governance
• biological perspective recognizes the possibility of disease outbreaks after an occurrence of a disaster
• hazard is defined as a potentially damaging physical event that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation
• the philippines is exposed to hazards due to the presence of pacific ring of fire, active fault lines for earthquakes, Pacific Ocean for tropical cyclones
• natural hazards are mostly connected to natural events and processes
• human-induced hazards or anthropogenic hazards are induced entirely by human activities and choices
• geophysical - earthquake, plate movement, volcanic activity
• hydrological - flood, landslide, storm surge
• meteorology - thunderstorm, rain, tornado, sand storm
• climate - drought, wildfire, ice lake food, tropical wind
• technical hazard - fire, explosion, warfare, terrorist
• chemical hazard - oil spill, chemical leakage, radiation
• accident - railway accident, road accident, aviation accident
• emergency management refers to the ability of an individual or institution to prevent or mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from a crisis
• four phases of emergency management are mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery
• earthquake is the shaking of the earth's surface caused by rapid movement of the earth's rocky outer layer
• seismographs and seismogram - record motion by tracing wave-shaped lines on a paper or by translating the motion into electronic signals