Science Q4

• Earthquake - A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of energy
• The Earth has 12 tectonic plates
• Tectonic Plates are the reason why we have earthquakes, tsunamis, etc
• Epicenter - is the point in the surface of the Earth locate directly above the center of an earthquakes origin
• Hypocenter/Focus - Is the point on the earth's crust where an earthquake begins
• Magnitude - How big or small the earthquake was
• Tectonic Earthquake - Occurs when the plates move against each other.
• Seismograph - A device that measures seismic waves from earthquakes
• Volcanic Earthquake - Occur when magma moves beneath the ground
• Artificial Earthquake - Caused by human activity such as mining, drilling, blasting, construction, etc.
• Ring of Fire or Circum-Pacific Belt - the worlds destructive seismic events of earthquakes and 75% of the Earth seismic energy are produced in this Region
• Intensity - Measurement of how strongly an earthquake is felt at different locations
• PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• Richter Magnitude Scale - used to describe the strength of an Earthquake based on the height of the wave measured in the seismograph
• Modified Mercalli Scale - measures the shaking (intensity) of an earthquake
• the Modified Mercalli Scale was invented by an Italian Scientist, Giuseppe Mercalli, in 1902
• Volcano - A mountain shaped crater that is formed when magma rises through the Earth's crust.
• crater - the opening of a volcano
• volcanic vent - the place at the Earths surface where lava flows; pyroplastic materials and fragmented rocks are erupted
• Pyroplastic Materials - these consists of lava, ashes, volcanic gases and rocks
• explosive volcano - a volcano that erupts explosively and produces a large amount of ash and gas
• non-explosive volcano eruption - lava just flows out of the crater and gaps pf the volcano.
• active volcano - a volcano that is currently erupting or has recently erupted
• dormant volcano - a volcano that has not erupted in a long time, it's also called "Sleeping Volcano"
• extinct volcano - a volcano that has been erupted and is no longer active
• seasons - is a subdivision of the year, marked by changes in the weather, ecology, and hours of daylight
• wet season

  • takes place from June-Nov
  • bring flood, frequent rainfall
  • Hanging Habagat (South-West Moonsoon)
  • warm and moist air
  • heavier and stronger typhoon
• Weather - condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time
• Climate - weather pattern over a long period of time
• preciption - is the highest in the area where the south west moonsoon strikes
• South West Moonsoon (Hanging Habagat) - warm moist winds from the southwest causing rains over the western portion of the country from June to November
• Northwest Moonsoon (Amihan) - cold winds from the Northeast that bring rains over the eastern side of the country
• Dry Season

  • takes place during Dec-May
  • infrequent rainfall, dusty soil
  • insufficient water supply
  • Hanging Amihan (Northeast Moonsoon)
  • cool and dry air
• Earths Rotation - the movement of the Earth on its axis
• The period of one complete rotation is defined as a day and takes 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 1.2 seconds
• Earths Revolution - is the movement of the Earth around the Sun
• The Earth revolves around the Sun in a Counter-Clockwise direction
• it takes the Earth a year or 365 and 1/4 days to revolve around the Sun
• to keep the calendar in sync with the revolution of the Earth, a leap year is used in every four years; a leap year is a year with 366 days. February 29 is added on the calendar
• the Earth is an ellipse or an elliptical shape