History MAIN DECK

• Assembly line


  • A method of production where workers and machines are specialised in specific tasks to produce goods more efficiently
• Impacts of the assembly line on factories

  • Increased efficiency
  • Production speed (less time to make more things)
  • Goods produced on a much larger scale
  • Continuous flow of production
• Consequences of the Enclosure Acts on British society

  • Improved farming techniques (e.g. crop rotation)
  • Led to the displacement of many small farmers
  • Increased urbanisation (farmers moved to cities)
  • Contributed to increase in labour in factories
  • Capitalist ideas of private property emerged
  • Farming was for profit, not subsistence
• How advancements in communication impacted people's lives in the Industrial Revolution


  • Telegraph helped businesses make quicker decisions (e.g. orders became instantaneous)
  • Radio, telephone, allowed newspapers/media to report news faster
  • Personal communication between families over long distances
  • More effective military coordination (more strategic planning during wars/conflicts)
  • New jobs created – e.g. telegraph operators, construction workers to put up telegraph lines
  • Helped spread ideas, social and political movements (religious and non-religious ideas, capitalist ideology, trade unions established)
• IR: 1750 - 1914
• Consequences of the Industrial Revolution

  • Child labour – children employed in factories, mines (harsh and dangerous conditions), worked 10-14 hours a day, little pay
  • Children were not educated and so could not move up social ladder
  • Wealth disparity – rich got richer, business owners made more money
  • Emergence of middle class – factory owners could create more profit and move up social ladder
  • Poor remained poor – limited skills (no longer needed craftspeople), wages from factories were low, working conditions harsh
  • Women had little opportunity for work, many worked in mines and factories
• Living conditions of the lower class in the Industrial Revolution

  • Housing: Cramped, overcrowded, poorly constructed, urban slums
  • Many families shared small rooms
• Enclosure Acts


  A series of laws in England from 1604 to 1723 that allowed landowners to enclose open fields and common land for private ownership
• Beneficiaries of Enclosure Acts


  Landowners, Nobility, Gentry, and Agricultural Capitalists
• When were the Enclosures Acts established?

  between 1604 and 1914
• What was the agricultural revolution?


  it involved creation of inventions and innovations leading to increased food production
• What was life like before the Industrial Revolution?

  families farmed to earn a living
• Steam Locomotives


  Improved railways by increasing speed, efficiency, power, and reliability, enabling faster and more efficient transportation.
• Richard Trevithick


  First built the steam-powered locomotive, hauled 10 tons of iron along a track, and pioneered steam locomotive development.
• First Steam Locomotive


  Richard Trevithick built the Penydarren locomotive in 1804, hauled 10 tons of iron.
• Telegraph Expansion


  Rapid expansion of the telegraph network connected major cities and facilitated global communication.
• Postage Stamps


  Standardized postage stamps allowed for easier and more efficient mail delivery.
• Samuel Morse


  Developed the Morse code and the first practical telegraph system.
• Penny Black


  Introduced in 1840 by the United Kingdom, featuring Queen Victoria.
• Primary Sources


  Direct evidence, firsthand accounts, original materials, and uninterpreted information.
• Secondary Sources


  Interpreted evidence, analyzed and summarized information, and indirect sources.
• Causes in History


  Underlying factors that lead to an event or action.
• Effects in History


  Consequences or outcomes of a cause or a series of causes.
• What did steam locomotives do?


  Steam-powered locomotives revolutionised railway transportation, increasing efficiency and speed.