MOVING EXAM DDS

• Synonyms of White Ointment, USP

  Simple Ointment
• Category of White ointment, USP

  Pharmaceutical necessity
• Uses of White ointment, USP

  Emollient, vehicle for other ointments
• White Ointment, USP is an ointment made from 5% white wax and 95% petrolatum
• White Ointment, USP is prepared through Fusion and Incorporation
• Ointment Bases 

  • PROPERTIES
  • Emollient
  • Hydrating
  • ADVANTAGE
  • Long-lasting
  • sustained moisturization and protection
  • better stability than oils
  • DISADVANTAGE
  • difficult to wash off
  • poor drug release
  • poor spreadability
  • potential to stain an area
  • Greasy
  • USES
  • effective as an occlusive dressing
• Absorption base

  • PROPERTIES
  • Emollient
  • Hydrophilic
  • ADVANTAGE
  • Long-lasting
  • sustained moisturization and protection
  • better stability than oils
  • DISADVANTAGE
  • difficult to wash off
  • poor drug release
  • poor spreadability
  • less occlusive
  • USE
  • vehicles for aqueous solutions, solids, and
  • non-hydrolyzable drugs
• Oil in water emulsion basePROPERTIES

  • Resembles Cream
  • ADVANTAGE
  • Good spreadability
  • Easily washable with water
  • Good drug release
  • Stable
  • DISADVANTAGE
  • Less occlusive
  • USE
  • Drug vehicle 
• white wax is a stiffening agent, emulsion stabilizer, controlled release vehicle
• White petrolatum is an emollient, skin barrier formation
• Incorporation involves All ingredients are mixed until a uniform preparation is attained. This method is used for a small scale preparation or for extemporaneous compounding.
• Fusion - All or some of the components are combined by melting it together and cooled with constant stirring until congealed. This can also be used for small scale production but this is the method mostly used for large-scale production.
• Lae sulfuris ointment, Precipitated sulfur ointment, and Unguentum Sulfuris


  Synonyms of Sulfur Ointment
• Category of SULFUR OINTMENT

  Keratolytic, Parasiticide, Scabicide
• Definition of sulfur ointment 


  Sulfur Ointment contains not less than 9.5% and not more than 10.5% of Sulfur
• Appearance of sulfur ointment 


  Yellow homogenous solid
• Ointments is Use on the skin or mucous membranes that contains one or more therapeutic agent
• • Creams - Has one or more medicinal ingredients that are dispersed or dissolved in either a water-in-oil, oil-in-water emulsion, or other water-washable bases. For easy application and removal.
• Paste - Apply to skin but are stiffer due to the fact that they contain a large proportion (up to 25%) of the solid material.
• • Gel - made up of dispersions of small or large molecules in a liquid state that is rendered jelly-like by the addition of a gelling agent.
• • Plasters - adhesive masses are spread on a backing of paper, fabric, moleskin, or plastic. Provide extended contact at the site.
• • Glycerogelatin - composed of 15% gelatin, 40% glycerin, 35% water, and an additional 10% medicinal substance such as zinc oxide. 
• • Cataplasms (Poultices) - Ancient dosage forms a soft, moist mass of metal. Herbs, seeds, etc. Usually in hot cloth and has gruel-like consistency. Intended to localize infectious material in the body and count as counter-irritants. The materials used appeared to be absorbent.
• • Powder - intimate mixture of dry, finely divided drugs
• • Dressings - Similar to ointments used for covering or protection. Topical antibacterial comes in this form.
• • Contraceptive - Come in the form of jelly, creams, or aerosols that immobilize spermatozoa. Contains buffers that counteract the pH change caused by vaginal fluids. 
• Precipitated sulfur - active ingredient
• • Mineral oil - levigating agent
• • White ointment - Hydrocarbon base
• Microbial Content (USP 61)

  • Dermatologic articles are tested to be absent of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATC 15442) 
  • Rectal, urethral and vaginal articles are tested to be absent of yeast and molds
  • also known as microbial bioburden or microbial limit testing.
• • Assays (USP <81>)
  • These can be in the form of spectrophotometry, titrimetric, chromatography, or in some cases, microbial assays. While the selection of a method is dependent on several factors such as the nature of the drug, the USP recommends that High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) assays for most ointments due to its specificity, accuracy, and precision. Microbial assays are recommended for preparations with antibiotics.
• Minimum Fill (USP <755>)


  Test performed to compare the weight or volume of a product filled into each container with their labeled weight or volume
• Minimum Fill test


  • Only applicable to containers that contain not more than 150 g or mL of the preparation
• Content uniformity


  Assessing the content uniformity of a product
• Minimum Fill (USP <755>) - The USP recommends that the average net content of 10 containers should not be less than the labeled amount
• Products the Minimum Fill test applies to


  • Liquids
  • Semisolids
  • Solids such as creams, gels, jellies, lotions, ointments, pastes, powders, and aerosols, including pressurized and non-pressurized topical sprays
• Synonyms of zinc oxide paste, USP

  Lassar’s Plain Zinc Paste AND Compound Paste Zinc Oxide
• CATEGORY OF ZINC OXIDE PASTE, USP

  TOPICAL DRUG
• uses of zinc oxide paste, USP


  Used as a mild astringent and antiseptic
• DEFINITION OF ZINC OXIDE PASTE, USP


  Contains not less than 24% to 26% of Zinc Oxide