Education

• Education

  • social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values (Macionis, 2012).
• Education in the Philippines

  • managed and regulated by the Department of Education, commonly referred to as the DepEd.
• Department of Education (DepEd)

  • controls the Philippine educational system, including the creation and implementation of the curriculum and the utilization of funds allotted by the national government.
• Before the Philippines attained independence in 1946, the country’s education system was patterned after the educational systems of Spain and the United States.
• During the Spanish time, the function of education was inculcated moral and religious values.
• Education during the Spanish time mainly served the upper classes; thus, education symbolized “social standing and prestige.” The educated class consisted mostly of ilustrados.
• When the Americans came, education was focused on the development of new social patterns that would prepare the nation for a self-governing democracy.
• In American time, public institution was institutionalized to give every person the education needed to participate in a self-governing democracy.
• In American time, the medium of instruction was English. However, after independence, the country’s educational system changed radically.
• Types of Education

  1. Formal Education
  2. Non-Formal Education
  3. Informal Education
• Formal Education

  • refers to the hierarchically structured, chronologically graded educational system from primary school to the university, including programs and institutions for full time technical and vocational training.
• Formal education shall correspond to the following levels in basic education:

  1. Elementary Education
  2. Secondary Education
  3. Tertiary Education
• Non-Formal Education

  • refers to any organized educational activity outside the established formal system to provide selected types of learning to a segment of the population.
• Non-Formal Education

  • enables a student to learn skills and knowledge through structured learning experiences. A student learns his/her values, principles, and beliefs and undergoes lifelong learning.
• Non-Formal Education

  Example: Vocational Education
• Informal Education

  • a lifelong process whereby every individual acquires from daily experiences, attitudes, values, facts, skills, and knowledge or motor skill from resources in his or her higher environment.
• Informal Education

  • offers alternative learning opportunities for the out of school youth and adults specifically those who are 15 years old and above and unable to avail themselves of the educational services and programs of formal education.
• Informal Education

  • its primary objective is to provide literacy programs to eradicate illiteracy.
• Special Education

  • refers to the education of persons who are physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, or culturally different from so- called “normal” individuals, such that they require modification of school practices to develop their potential.
• SPED

  • aims to develop the maximum potential of the child with the special needs to enable him/her to become self-reliant and take advantage of the opportunities for a full and happy life.
• British sociologist Herbert Spencer lays down the functions of education as follows:

  1. Productive Citizenry
  2. Self Actualization
• Productive Citizenry

  • education systems enable citizens to be productive members of a society, as they are equipped with knowledge and skills that could contribute to the development of their society’s systems and institutions.
• Self Actualization

  • Education develops one’s sense of self. As a huge part of the discovery process of oneself, education encourages having the vision to become self-actualized.
• According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization is the highest form of human need. It was defined as “to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming.”
• The primary function of education is the socialization of the new members of the society.
• The late president Ramon Magsaysay aptly observed that “education is the greatest equalizer of opportunities” for everybody.
• Others most important objectives of education:

  1. Teaching basic skills, such as reading, writing, and arithmetic
  2. Helping children develop skills in abstracting thinking and problem solving
  3. Transmitting the cultural heritage, from which individual may develop an appreciation of their society
  4. Communicating to children the basic value of the society
  5. Teaching the special aspects of the culture, such as art, music, literature, drama, science, technology, and sports
• Others most important objectives of education:

  1. Teaching vocational skills that help individuals enter the job market
  2. Training citizens for life within the political system of their society
  3. Preparing children to live long and form meaningful relationship with other human beings
• United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

  • declare that education is a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other human rights.
• Primary Education as a Human Right

  • promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits.