P.E Health 4th Grading

• Injury


  Damaged tissues which occur when it encounters trauma or physical force that is greater than what it can resist
• Acute injury


  Signs and symptoms (e.g., pain, swelling) that manifest immediately after force application
• Acute injuries


  • sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations, and wounds
• Chronic injury


  Overuse injuries the signs and symptoms occur after a long period of exposure to the force
• Strain


  • Common of all sports-related injuries
  • Caused by stretching muscles and tendons farther than they should (pulled hamstring, pulled groin muscle, strained swuads)
• Common sprains


  • Ankle sprains
  • Knee sprains
  • Wrist and elbow sprains
• Fracture


  • Caused by impact and contact sports
  • Can be painful, take weeks to heal, and may require surgery
• Stress fracture


  • Fatigue-induced bone fracture caused by repeated stress over time
  • Does not require immobilization but individual has to stop exercise for around four weeks to heal
• Tendinopathy/Tendinitis/Tendonitis


  A type of tendon disorder that results in pain, swelling, and impaired function
• Osteoarthritis


  Chronic degenerative joint disease that affects mostly middle-aged and older adults and causes the breakdown of joint cartilage
• Bursitis


  Inflammation/irritation of a bursa sac that helps ease rubbing and friction between tissues
• Heat exhaustion


  More severe than heat cramps, resulting from a loss of water and salt in the body, extreme heat and excessive sweating body is unable to cool
• Sports injury prevention and management


  • Be in proper physical condition
  • Know and abide by the rules
  • Wear appropriate protective gear
  • Rest
  • Always warm-up before playing
  • Avoid playing when very tired or in pain
• First aid techniques for injuries


  • Rest (restrict movement/immobilize)
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevation
  • Refer to see a health professional
• Sudden trauma, overuse mild to severe, treatment (RICER)


  Common sport acute injury
• Strain

  Common muscle strain (pulled hamstring, pulled groin muscle, strained squads