MLSHAPPL: Blood Glucose Level

• Blood Glucose Level / Plasma glucose level


  Level of sugar in the blood
• Hormones

  • Glucagon (a cells) - maintain or raises sugar level
  • Insulin (b cells) - lower the sugar level
• Blood sugar range

  • Euglycemia - normal
  • Hypoglycemia - below
  • Hyperglycemia - above normal
• Diabetes Mellitus (DM)


  An abnormality in creation of the hormones, and characterized by hyperglycemia (3P's)
• Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

  • Polyphagia - extreme hunger
  • Polyuria - urinate more than usual
  • Polydipsia - excessive thirst
• Type I DM


  • Lack of insulin, the beta (b) cells can not produce insulin properly
  • No production of insulin at all in some cases
• Type II DM


  • Can produce insulin but not enough
  • Common for elderly and obese individuals
• Blood Glucose Meter


  Tool for checking the blood glucose level
• Ways to measure Plasma Glucose Level

  • Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) - measure the blood glucose after fasting for 8 hours
  • 2-hour Postprandial Blood Sugar - testing the blood sugar 2 hours after starting a meal
  • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) - body's response to sugar, After FBS, the patient will eat a fixed sugar solution. The blood will be checked for 1 hour every 3 hours
• Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)


  • How much glucose is in the RBC
  • Measured every 3 months
  • For long term blood glucose control
• Random Blood Sugar (RBS)


  Measuring blood glucose regardless of food intake