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• How many times do you defecate rice water stool when you are infected with V. cholerae?

  10 to 30 times
• Rice water stool can lead to what manifestation?

  Hypotension
• What strains are capable of Epidemic and Pandemic?


  Somatic Antigen 01 and 0139
• What are Non-Epidemic and Extraintestinal?


  Non-01 and Non-0139
• This organism is fragile and has dormant stages

  V. cholerae
• What are the manifestations of V. cholerae?

  Watery diarrhea, hypotension and low blood pressure
• In the collection of V. cholerae, what is preferred?

  Feces and Rectal Swab on acute phase
• If Vibrio spp is suspected, what medium do you use?

  Cary-Blair medium
• What is toxic for vibrios?

  Buffered glycerol saline
• What is the microscopic appearance of V. cholerae?

  Rapid darting or shooting star
• What type of microscope to use for V. cholerae?


  Dark field microscope
• In culturing V. cholerae, what broth do we use and what pH?

  Alkaline peptone water and 8.4 ph
• What has 1% NaCl and bile salts that inhibits gram positive and sucrose for dierentiation —most preferred?


  Thiosulfate-bile-citrate salt-sucrose agar
• What color are the colonies of sucrose fermenters?

  Yellow
• What color are the colonies of non-sucrose fermenters?

  Green
• What are under sucrose fermenters?


  V. cholerae

  V. alginolyticus

  V. metschnikovii
• What are under non-sucrose fermenters?

  V. mimicus

  V. vulnificus

  V. parahaemolyticus

  V. damsel
• What is the ph indicator of v cholerae and its color?

  Thymol blue and Parathymol blue

  ph of 8.6
• What does v cholerae ferments and what does it not?


  Glucose, and it doesn't ferment lactose
• Is V. cholerae positive in string test?

  Yes
• What is oxidase, indole, lysine, and odc positive?

  V. cholerae
• What is the reagent of String Test

  0.5% sodium deoxycholate
• lyses of cells releases DNA and RNA, which can then pulled up into a viscous string (vibrio only)
• In Vibrio Chrom Agar, what color is V. vulificus?

  Blue
• In Vibrio Chrom Agar, what color is V. Chrom Agar, what color is V. parahaemolyticus?

  Pink
• How to identify V. cholerae?

  1. Check the stool consistency
  2. Activity and recent food intake
  3. Biochemical testing
  4. Enterobacteriaceae
  5. Serological Serotyping
  6. Nucleic Acid-Based Testing
• In other Vibrio specie, what is the 2nd most common that is associated with gastroenteritis?

  V. parahaemolyticus
• V. parahaemolyticus is the etiologic agent of what?

  summer diarrhea
• What is the leading cause of pandemic?

  V. parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6
• Mode of Transmission: Ingestion of contaminated seafood: oysters, scallops, crabs, lobsters, shrimps and sardines

  V. parahaemolyticus
• What species virulence factor is Heat stable hemolysin lyses RBC

  V. parahaemolyticus
• What agar can you use for V. parahaemolyticus?

  Wagatsuma agar
• What vibrio specie is non sucrose fermenter?


  V. parahaemolyticus
• What vibrio specie is lactose positive?

  V. vulnificus
• Mode of transmission ingestion of contaminated food: oysters and fish

  V. vulnificus
• What is formerly V. hollisae?

  Grimontia hollisae
• What is naturally found in marine environments?


  Grimontia hollisae
• It is the only pathogenic species in the Vibrionaceae family that DO NOT grow on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS)

  Grimontia hollisae
• Ulcerative lesions in skin and hemorrhage in mouth, eyes, and muscles

  Photobacterium damselae
• One of the pathogenic members of this family which is originally found in damselfish in 1981

  Photobacterium damselae