species diversity

• Diversity can be measured by counting the numbers of individuals or species present.
• Species diversity

    -pertains to the number of species and abundance of every species in a given community.
• Biodiversity is coined from the words “biological diversity”.

     -It describes how varied living things are in a certain area - plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms as well as the community they form and the habitat they are living in.
• Species -a group of organisms makes a population with the basic unit
• Ecosystem -an ecological system consisting of all the interacting organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) and their physical environment within a specified area.
• Population -the total number of individual members of a particular species that live together within a defined geographical area at any one time.
• Community -all populations of different species living together in an ecosystem.
• Genetic diversity -pertains to the difference in the genetic composition of each organism
• Ecosystem diversity -concerns the different kinds of places where organisms live and the interconnections that bind these organisms together
• Species diversity

    - deals with the different kinds of organisms e.g. dragonflies, sunflowers, and dogs are all different species.

    - it talks about the difference within species or difference between similar species.

    -it pertains to the number of species and abundance of every species in a specific community.

    -It reflects the richness and evenness of abundance of species in a certain place.
• High-diversity -places consist of numerous kinds of species
• Low-diversity places -may be highly populated but may not be diverse. The more variety of species in a place, the more diverse it is.
• Typological Species Concept - defines species as a group whose members share certain characteristics that distinguish them from other species;
• Biological Species Concept - considers species as a distinguished group of populations whose members are capable of interbreeding successfully and are reproductively isolated from the other groups to produce fertile offspring.
• Phylogenetic Species Concept

    - defines species as a group of organisms with a shared, unique genetic history.
• Species richness -is the simplest measurement of species diversity.
• Species evenness -measures how many individual organisms belong to each species
• Species dominance -refers to a dominant species distributed across a given area
• Domain -is the largest category into which organisms are classified.
• Prokaryotes have been divided into two domains namely:

  Archaea and Eubacteria
• Kingdom -is the taxonomic rank after the domain
• Phylum consists of different classes.
• Class is made up of orders, while an order contains families.
• Family has genera, and genus has species.
• Kingdom Archaebacteria -Organisms of this kingdom are all microscopic, meaning we cannot see them with our unaided eyes.
• Archaebacteria -have no nucleus or even organelles.
• Methanogens -can survive in places where there is little to no oxygen,

   like the digestive tracts of animals and ponds.

  An important characteristic of this group is they produce methane gas.
• Thermophiles -can live in places with high temperatures.
• peptidoglycan- the basic unit of the cell wall in bacteria, which confers mechanical rigidity to the cell, protects the cytoplasmic membrane, and determines the cell form.
• prokaryotes- members of Domains Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

  because of they lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
• Eukarya Eukarya

    -consists of organisms that have a true nucleus and structures called organelles that are surrounded by membranes.
• Kingdom Protista -It comes from unrelated ancestors thus, this grouping is referred to by biologists as an artificial grouping.• They can be classified into three groups: plant-like, animal-like, and fungi-like protists.
• Heterotrophs -are those that obtain energy from organic matter by feeding on other organisms.
• Kingdom Fungi

  -Fungi are eukaryotic, non-vascular, non-motile, and heterotrophic organisms.•They may be unicellular or filamentous.•They reproduce using spores and exhibit the phenomenon of alternation of generation.•Fungi lack chlorophyll and hence cannot perform photosynthesis.
• Kingdom Plantae

  •They are multicellular and because they have chlorophyll, they can make their own food.
• Gymnosperms

    - Plants with seeds borne in cones
• Angiosperms

  -They are also called flowering plants since flowers, as well as fruits, are involved in their reproduction and development.
• Kingdom Animalia

    Animals are divided into two major groups, invertebrates and vertebrates.
• Invertebrates -are those that do not possess a vertebral column or backbone.
• Vertebrates -are those where the vertebral column or backbone is present