Expeditions after Magellan

• Five subsequent expeditions were sent to the Islands. These were led by:

  ·         Garcia Jofre Loaisa (1525)

  ·         Sebastian Cabot (1526)

  ·         Alvaro de Saavedra (1527)

  ·         Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1542)

  ·         Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1564)
• -          Only the last two actually reached the Philippines and only Legazpi succeed in colonizing the Islands
• The Villalobos Expedition

  ·         Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

  -          Set sail for the Philippines form Natividad, Mexico on November 1, 1542

  -          Followed the route taken by Magellan and reached Mindanao on February 2, 1543

  -          Established a colony in Sarangani but could not stay long because of insufficient food supply

  -          His fleet left the island and landed on Tidore in the Moluccas, where they were captured by the Portuguese

  -          Remembered for naming our country Islas Filipinas, in honor of King Charles’ son, Prince Philip, who later became king of Spain
• The Legazpi Expedition

  -          When Philip I succeeded his father to the throne in 1556, he instructed Luis de Velasco, the viceroy of Mexico, to prepare new expedition

  -          The King appointed Miguel Lopez de Legazpi as a head of the expedition

  -          With four ships and about 380 men, Legazpi sailed from the Mexican port of Natividad on November 21, 1564
• The Legazpi Expedition

  ·         Father Andres de Urdaneta – fleet chaplain
• The Legazpi Expedition

  -          One of the ship got lost on its way but found later and ordered to head back to Mexico after reaching Mindanao

  -          The expedition reached Cebu in February 1565. Later, Legazpi sailed to Cibabao (Leyte) then to Samar. He concluded a blood compact with some of the chieftains, one of whom was Bankaw, datu of Limasawa
• The Legazpi Expedition

  -          Early in March, he sailed to Camiguin Island, then to Butuan in Mindanao, and then to Bohol where he entered into blood compact with Datu Si Katuna and Si Gala. They went back to Cebu due to scarcity of food in Bohol

  -          Legazpi and his men entered Cebu Harbor on 27

  -          The Cebuanos were hostile to him probably because in the past, some white men who looked like Spaniards maltreated them
• The Legazpi Expedition

  -          Legazpi explained to the Cebuanos that the white men who maltreated them were not Spaniards but Portuguese. He also told them that he wanted the Filipinos and the Spaniards to be friends

  -          The Cebuano chieftain, Tupas, did not believe him and the Cebuanos and the Spaniards found themselves in skirmishes

  -          Legazpi appeared to be victorious
• The Legazpi Expedition

  -          He applied a policy of attraction-inviting Cebuanos to come down from the mountains and promising not to harm any of them

  -          Tupas and his men returned to the lowland and entered into an agreement with Legazpi with the help of Tupas’ brothers, Si Makayo and Si Katapan
• The Agreement provided

  1.      The Filipinos promised to be loyal to the King of Spain and to the Spaniards

  2.      The Filipinos promised to help the Spaniards in any battle against an enemy and vice versa

  3.      A Filipino who had committed a crime against a Spaniard should be turned over to the Spanish authorities, while a Spaniard who committed a crime against a Filipino should be turned over to the Filipino chieftain

  4.      Goods to be sold should be moderately provide

  5.      An armed Filipino would not be allowed to enter the Spanish settlement
• The Agreement provided

  -          With the conclusion of the agreement, peace reigned in Cebu

  -          A land, donated by Tupas and other Cebuano chieftains, was used as Spanish settlement. This was in the form of a triangle on one side of which faced the land and the other sides faced the sea

  -          A fort was constructed and the Spaniards called it for San Pedro. Initially the Spanish settlement was called San Miguel

  -          But Legazpi remembered the unharmed image of the Infant Jesus and renamed the settlement, “City of Most Holy Name of Jesus”
• Settlement in Panay

  -          Legazpi was beset with many problems in Cebu

  -          Some of his people robbed the graves of Filipinos. He acted justly and punished all those who refused to cooperate with him

  -          There was also conspiracy among the Spanish soldiers to seize the ship San Pablo. The captain of boat informed the Master of the Camp, Mateo del Saz, about it and the conspirators were arrested. The leader was beheaded and the rest were pardoned
• Settlement in Panay

  -          Legazpi also faced the hostility of the Portuguese as the latter realized that the Philippines lay their side of the demarcation line

  -          The Portuguese captain, Gonzalo de Pereira, harassed Legazpi by blockading Cebu in order to starve the Spaniards. With the help of Cebuanos, Legazpi succeeded in forcing Pereira to leave the Philippines
• Settlement in Panay

  -          Faced with these problems, Legazpi decided to move to Panay

  -          Upon hearing that there was plenty of food there, he and some of his men sailed for Panay in 1569

  -          On the banks of the Panay River, Legazpi founded the second Spanish settlement in the Philippines

  -          He won over the people of Panay by convincing them of his peaceful intentions. The Spanish missionaries, the Augustinian friars, converted some natives to Christianity
• Settlement in Panay

  -          With the Panay as his home base, Legazpi decided to spread Spanish rule to other islands in the archipelago. He sent small expeditions to the other islands of the Visayas

  -          Masbate, Burias, and Ticao were claimed to be in the name of the King of Spain. The same expedition, headed by Captain Enrique de Guzman, sailed for Southern Luzon and reached Albay
• Settlement in Panay

  -          At almost the same time, Juan de Salcedo Legazpi’s younger grandson, led a small expedition to the north. With a few Spanish soldiers and about 500 visayans, Salcedo sailed to Talim island and claimed it for Spain

  -          Then he continued his voyage until he reached Lubang Island, near Mindoro, and fought the Filipinos who refused to recognize him
• Settlement in Panay

  -          Defeating the people of Lubang, Salcedo returned to Panay after reaching the outer rim of Manila Bay. He reported to Legazpi that Manila was a prosperous Muslim kingdom

  -          Legazpi then decided to send an expedition to Manila that left Panay for Mindoro on May 8, 1570

  -          The Spanish forces were divided intro two: one was headed by Martin de Goiti as new mas of camp, and the other was commanded by Salcedo
• Settlement in Panay

  -          When they reached Batangas, Salcedo explored the Bonbon River (Taal), while Goiti explored Balayan. In Taal, Salcedo had an armed encounter with some Filipinos and won the skirmish in the end

  -          Then Salcedo rejoined Goiti and the two proceeded to Manila by sea

  -          At the time, Manila or Maynila, was a thrive of Muslim kingdom ruled by Rajah Sulayman, the kingdom was south of Pasig River (Fort Santiago)
• Settlement in Panay

  -          Goiti demanded that Sulayman paid him tribute, but the rule of Manila refused

  -          May 24, Goiti fired a cannon shot to recall a boat he had sent on an errand. Sulayman and his men thought that it was a sign of Spanish hostility, and so they answered with shots from their native cannons called lantaka
• Settlement in Panay

  -          The superior fire power of the Spaniards to the Filipinos to burn down their houses and left Manila in the hands of the enemy

  -          But Goiti did not stay in Manila, he returned to Panay to report to Legazpi what happened