ENGLISH 2

• Research is a systematic inquiry that explains or describes a phenomenon, predicts an outcome, and poses questions for further studies.
• The two main purposes of research are to gather evidence and to gain knowledge Inductively and Deductively.
• Research done INDUCTIVELY: It starts with analyzing a phenomenon and ends with identifying its underlying principles, theories or processes.
• Research done DEDUCTIVELY: It begins with specifying hypothesis and continues with verifying these through evidence or data.
• Research is recursive because it involves performing steps in cyclical way
• Research is empirical because it is based on verifiable evidence, observation, and experiences.
• Research is logical because it is based on sound principles and systematic procedure.
• Research requires higher order thinking skills. It involves interpreting data and drawing conclusions from the gathered data.
• Research is replicable because it can be repeated by other researchers as long as its methodology is sufficient and detailed.
• Research is solution-oriented because it aims to address a particular problem.
• Research is objective because it requires accurate recording of data through observation, interviews, experiments and other means.
• Research requires sufficient sources of data
• Research is critical to our economic, socio political, environmental, and medical. Research can be used to improve the quality of life and can provide information relevant to policymaking, as well as the improvement of relations among people.
• Title Page - the following information can be included on the title page:

  • Title of your research work

  • First name and surname of the author(s)

  • Name of School
• Abstract

  • It presents a brief summary of your research work

  • The aim of the abstract is to briefly provide the reader with the most important information from the entire text.
• Tables of Contents

  • It is essentially a topic outline of the research work

  • It is compiled by listing the headings in the research work down to whichever level you choose.
• Introduction

  • it is where you introduce the topic of your research work where you give the context in terms of the content of the research work
• Significance of the Study

  • It mainly focuses on the question “Who will benefit from the study?”

  • it states the contribution of your study and the usefulness of your research work in the society
• Statement of the Problem

  • The problem must not be answerable by yes or no and must be arrange the follow of your study.
• Scope and Delimitation

  • The scope is mainly coverage of your study, and the delimitation is the limitation of your study or topic.
• Definition of Terms

  • The definition of terms must be arrange alphabetically. You must define technically or operationally.
• Related Literature/Studies

  • In this part, you must get your data and information from any books, magazines, and

  newspapers.

  • It must take all the evidence about the problem with the author’s experiences

  • As much as possible, get the latest published materials.
• Research Design

  • The appropriate research design should be specified and described.
• Population Sample • It describes the population of interest and the sampling of subjects used in the research work.
• Research Instruments

  • It describes the instrument and what it will measure

  • It states the qualifications of respondents of the study
• Data Gathering Procedure

  • It describes how the instrument will be administered.
• Data Processing Procedure

  • It describes the treatment of the data
• Presentation of Data

  • It presents the findings of the study in order of the specific problem as stated in the

  statement of the problem.
• Analysis of Data

  • It analyzes in depth to give meaning to the data presented.
• Interpretation of Data

  • It links the present findings with the previous literature.
• Summary of Findings

  • This describes the problem research design, and the findings (answer to the question raised). The recommended format is paragraph form instead of numeration.
• Conclusions

  • These are brief, generalized statements in answer to the general and each of the specific

  problems.

  • Flexibility is considered in making of conclusions on a one-to-one correspondence with

  the problems and the findings as all can be subsumed in one paragraph.
• Recommendations

  • These should be based on the findings and conclusions of the research work

  • They may be specific or general. They may include suggestions for further studies.

  • They should be feasible, workable, flexible, doable, and adaptable.
• Definition - statement meaning of a term
• When to Use Definitions.

  1.When your writing contains a term that may be key to audience understanding and that

  term could likely be unfamiliar to them

  2. When a commonly used word or phrase has layers of subjectivity or evaluation in the way you choose to define it

  3. When the etymology (origin and history) of a common word might prove interesting or will help expand upon a point
• A formal definition is a one-sentence explanation of the meaning of a word. When you write a formal definition, first assign the term to a class and then explain how it is different from other Members of the class.
• Formal Definition consist of three parts

  1. The term (word phrase) to be defined.
  2. The class of object or concept to which the term belongs
  3. The differentiating characteristics that distinguish it from all others of its class
• Definition of Terms - Alphabetical list of important terms, acronyms, or jargons used in research study
• Jargons - terminologies that only understood by people in a ceratin group and difficult for others to understand
• Definition of Terms is important in research, because if the reader encounter unfamiliar words they might be confused and stop reading the research.