biomolecules

• biomolecules produced by living organisms which consist mainly of the elements carbon(C), hydrogen(H), oxygen(O), and nitrogen(N)
• macromolecules large molecules
• micromolecules small molecules
• four classes carbohydrate, lipids, protein and nucleic acid
• carbohydrates have elements content carbon(C), hydrogen(H), oxygen(O)
• carbohydrates is most abundant class of biomolecules
• carbohydrates known to be source of energy of almost all living organisms
• carbohydrates play a vital role in our existence
• food that high in carbohydrates fruits, swets, rice, bread, pastas, beans, potatoes, and cereals
• carbohydrates french term hydrate de carbone, which means hydrates of carbon
• carbohydrates sometime called saccharide in greek sakcharon meaning sugar
• the suffix ose is use to denote the name of sccharide
• 2 types of carbohydrates

  >micromolecules- monosaccharide

  >macromolecule- disscharide and polysaccharide
• monosaccharide is simplest type of carbohydrates or simple sugar
• monosaccharide is the only sugar that can be absorbed and utilize by the body
• type of monosaccharide glucose, galactose and fructose
• monosaccharide molecule formula C6H12O6
• glucose means dextrose
• glucose is most important and also the most abundant in nature
• glucose is found in the blood stream and provide immediate source of energy of the body cells and tissue
• glucose may exist both in chain in cyclic form
• glucose from greek word for sweet wine, grape, sugar, blood sugar, dextrose
• fructose is known as fruit sugar as it is likely to be found in friut
• fructoose is sweetest among all sugar
• fructose can be also be found in the nectar of flower, molasses and honey
• fructose latin word for frui fructus also known as levulose
• galactose is different from glucose and fructose in such way that it does not freely occur in nature
• galactose it is produced in the body through the digestion of a disccharide lactose
• greek word for milk galact found as a component of lactose in milk
• disccharide is contain two monosaccharide units bound together by a covalent bond known as glycosidic linkage
• types of disscharide sucrose, lactose, maltose
• disscharide molecular formula C12H22O11
• sucrose is most common and most abundant disccharide
• sucrose is compose of one molecule of each of the monosaccharide the glucose and fructose
• sucrose also known as table sugar, mostly found in sugar and sugar cane
• sucrose french word for sugar sucre
• lactose is known as milk sugar
• lactose containing glucose and galacatose
• lactose be directly utilized by the body unless broken down into monosaccharide
• lactose latin word for milk is lact