VOLLEYBALL

• Volleyball


  An Olympic team sport where 2 teams of 6 are separated by a net and each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules
• Beach Volleyball


  A variation of volleyball played on sand with only two players per team, became a FIVB-endorsed variation in 1987 and added to the Olympic program at the 1996 Summer Olympics
• Volleyball (originally called Mintonette) was created by William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA)


  February 9, 1895
• Volleyball was officially included in the program for the Summer Olympics


  1964
• Volleyball is also a sport at the Paralympics managed by the World Organization Volleyball for Disabled
• First World Championships were held

  1949 for men, 1952 for women
• How to play volleyball


  1. Player on one team serves ball over net

  2. Receiving team must not let ball be grounded

  3. Rally continues with max 3 touches per team

  4. Team that wins rally is awarded a point and serves next

  5. First to 25 points (and 2 ahead) wins set, matches are best-of-five sets
• Ball


  Made of leather or synthetic leather, circumference 65-67 cm, weight 260-280 g, inside pressure 0.30-0.325 kg/cm2
• Net


  1 meter wide, top 2.43 m for men's, 2.24 m for women's competition
• Court


  18 m long, 9 m wide, divided into two 9m x 9m halves by net, with "attack line" dividing backcourt and frontcourt, and "free zone" minimum 3 m wide
• Antenna


  Vertical extension of side boundary, ball must pass completely between without contacting
• Common faults


  • Ball touching ground outside opponents' court
  • Catching and throwing the ball
  • Double hit
  • Four consecutive contacts by same team
  • Touching the net during play
• Skill


  An action used in an activity, e.g. service, pass, set, etc.
• Technique


  The way a skill is performed, e.g. Line and Cross-court Shot, Dump, etc.
• 6 basic competitive team skills


  • Serve
  • Pass
  • Set
  • Attack
  • Block
  • Dig
• Serving


  1. Player stands behind inline and serves ball in attempt to drive it into opponent's court

  2. Types: Underhand, Sky Ball, Topspin, Float, Jump, Jump Float
• Setting


  Usually the second contact, main goal is to put the ball in the air for attack, setter coordinates offensive movements, techniques include Overhand and Bump Set, "Dump" is when setter tries to play ball directly onto opponent's court
• Passing


  Usually the first contact, main goal is to prevent ball from touching court and reach setter's position quickly and precisely, techniques include Underarm (Bump) and Overhand Pass
• Attacking


  Usually the third contact, object is to handle ball so it lands on opponent's court and cannot be defended, ideally contact is made at apex of hitter's jump using arm swing, wrist snap, and rapid forward contraction, can result in a Bounce or "Kill"
• Attacking techniques


  • Backcourt/pipe attack
  • Line and Cross-court Shot
  • Cut shot
  • Dip/Dink/Tip/Cheat/Dump
  • Tool/Wipe/Block-abuse
  • Off-speed hit
  • Quick hit "One"
  • Slide
  • Double quick hit "Stack"/"Tandem"
• Blocking


  Actions taken by players at the net to stop or alter an opponent's attack, jump timed to intercept ball's trajectory before it crosses net, can be "roof" offensive or "soft" defensive, can be single, double, or triple block, influences other defenders' positions
• Digging


  Ability to prevent ball from touching one's court after a spike or attack, particularly a ball nearly touching the ground, similar to passing/bumping, techniques include "Dive" and "Pancake"
• Player roles


  • Setters
  • Liberos
  • Middle blockers/hitters
  • Outside hitters/Left side hitters
  • Opposite hitters/Right side hitters
• Special hits


  • Pump cake
  • Back row spike
  • Tip
• Formations


  • 4-2
  • 6-2
  • 5-1
• 1. 2 formation


  Four hitters and two setters, setters usually set from middle front or right front
• 1. 2 formation


  Four-two system but back-row setter penetrates to set, maximizes offensive possibilities with three front-row hitters
• 1. 1 formation


  One player assumes all setting responsibilities, opposite hitter is the player opposite the setter
• Defensive strategies


  • W
  • Semicircle
  • Rotation
• Volleyball conditioning drills


  • Strength/Power
  • Quickness
  • Stability and Strong Core
  • Powerful
  • Conditioning (endurance)
  • Agility
  • Flexibility
• Libero


  Specialized defensive player who wears a contrasting jersey, cannot block or attack above net height, can replace any back-row player without notice, can function as setter under restrictions, generally the most skilled defensive player on the team, can only serve for one person