Chapter 13

• It is the branch of psychology that has as its primary focus on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of abnormal behavior.

  Clinical Psychology
• A branch of psychology that is concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of abnormal behavior.

  Counseling Psychology
• Before or after interviewing a patient, a clinician may administer a tests such as:


  Wechsler intelligence test and MMPI 2-RF, to obtain estimates of the patient's intellectual functioning and level of psychopathology.
• Level of psychological and physical performance prior to the development of a disorder, an illness, or a disability.

  Premorbid functioning
• The reference used for making diagnoses.


  American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
• May be defined as the rate (annual, monthly, week, daily, etc.) of the new occurrences of a particular disorder or condition in a particular population.

  Incidence
• May be defined as the approximate proportion of individuals in a given population at a given point in time who have been diagnosed or otherwise labeled with a particular disorder or condition.

  Prevalence
• A multidisciplinary approach to assessment that includes exploration of relevant biological, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental variables for the purpose of evaluating how such variables may have contributed to the development and maintenance of a presenting problem.

  Biopsychosocial
• The belief that what happens in life is largely beyond a person's control.

  Fatalism
• Confidence in one's own ability to accomplish a task.

  Self-efficacy
• Expressions of understanding, acceptance, empathy, love advice, guidance, care, concern, or trust from friends, family, community caregivers, or others in one's social environment.

  Social support
• An agreement between client and therapist setting forth goals, expectations, and mutual obligations with regard to a course of therapy.


  Therapeutic contract
• The general name applied to any interview where one objective is to place the interviewee in a pressured state for some particular reason.

  Stress interview
• One conducted while the interviewee is under hypnosis.

  Hypnotic interview
• Rapport is established and the interviewee is encouraged to use imagery and focused retrieval to recall information.

  Cognitive interview
• Allows the interviewee wide latitude to interact with the interviewer.

  Collaborative interview
• A parallel to the general physical examination conducted by a physician is a special clinical interview conducted by a clinician called a


  Mental status examination
• Biographical and related data about an assessee may be obtained by interviewing the assessee and/or significant others in that person's life.

  Case History Data
• Perhaps the most widely used test to measure the severity of depression is


  Beck Depression Inventory-II
• Another widely used self-report measure of depressive symptoms.

  Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
• Referring to a group of tests administered together to gather information about an individual from a variety of instruments.

  Test battery
• Refers to a group of personality tests.

  Personality test battery
• Referred to a group of tests including one intelligence test, at least one personality test, and a test designed to screen for neurological deficit.


  Standard battery
• An approach to evaluation that is keenly perceptive of and responsive to issues if acculturation, values, identity, worldview, language, and other culture-related variables as they may impact the evaluation process or the interpretation of resulting data.


  Culturally informed psychological assessment
• ADRESSING stand for:


  Age, disability, religion, ethnicity, social status, sexual orientation, indigenous heritage, national origin, and gender.
• Defined broadly as the theory and application of psychological evaluation and measurement in a legal context.

  Forensic Psychology Assessment
• A duty that overrides the privileged communication between psychologist and client.


  Duty to warn
• It has to do largely with a defendant's ability to understand the charges against him and assist in his own defense.

  Competence to stand trial
• A defendant must be not only physically present during the trial but mentally present as well.

  Absentia
• It is a plea to a criminal charge.


  Not guilty by insanity
• A term sometimes used synonymously with mental suffering, pain, and emotional harm.

  Emotional injury
• May be defined as crime solving process that draws upon psychological and criminological expertise applied to the study of crime scene evidence.

  Profiling
• Primary tools of assessment employed in profiling:


  Interviews (from witness and about witnesses)

  Case study material (autopsy reports and crime scene photos and reports)
• A psychological assessment of parents or guardians and their parental capacity and/or of children and their parental needs and preferences.

  Custody evaluation
• Refer to the creation of conditions that may give rise to abuse of a child.

  Child abuse
• Refer to a failure on the part of an adult responsible for the care of a child to exercise a minimum degree of care in providing the child with food, clothing, shelter, education, medical care, and supervision.

  Child neglect
• May be defined as the international affliction of physical, emotional, financial, or other harm on an older individual who meets the statutory age requirement for an elder.

  Elder abuse
• Refers to a failure on the part of a caregiver or service provider to provide for the elder.

  Elder neglect
• Social ideation or an impending social gesture or attempt. Three of these signs include:


  Talking about committing suicide

  Making reference to a plan for committing suicide

  One or more past suicide attempts
• Used to stigmatize those pseudo successful clinical procedures in which personality descriptions from tests are made to fit the patient largely or wholly by virtue of their triviality.

  Barnum effect