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• Critical Reading


  Reader analyzes the text to find out the author's purpose in writing
• Reading Strategies


  • Context Clues
  • Skimming
  • Scanning
  • Mapping
  • Using Graphic Organizers
  • Using KWL
  • Using SQ3R
• Context Clues


  Understanding unfamiliar words
• Skimming


  Finding the main idea
• Scanning


  Finding specific detail
• Mapping


  Distinguishing general from specific ideas
• Using Graphic Organizers


  Organizing ideas
• Using KWL


  Reading a long text (know, want to know, learned after reading)
• Using SQ3R


  Remembering the text's essential information (survey, question, read, recite, review)
• Considerations in writing a book review or article critique


  • Summary of content
  • Persuade readers, tells how useful or credible a book
  • Persuasion pattern, general argument
• Writing a book review or article critique


  1. Prewriting - organize ideas by completing outline

  2. Drafting - begin writing

  3. Revising - add or delete details

  4. Editing - proofread your draft, check for spelling, grammatical errors
• Cause-and-effect


  Explains why something happened and results a particular event
• Problem-Solution


  Focuses on a problem or a solution
• Possible approaches to a problem-solution text

  • Identify the problem and present the possible solutions to it
  • Identity a solution and present problems that motivated it
  • Identify a problem, present possible solutions, and then determine the best solution from possible solutions presented
• Persuasion


  Convinces readers to agree with an argument
• Literature Review


  Evaluate report of previous studies related to subject, describes, summarizes, evaluates, gives theoretical basis
• Thematical Arrangement


  Organizing information according to the topics made
• Chronological Arrangement


  Sequencing pieces of information based on date they were published
• Position Paper


  Example of persuasive text
• Research Report


  Acknowledging the sources of information (plagiarism)
• Components of a Research Report


  • IMRD - introduction, method, results, discussion
  • Citation Styles - ways of providing sources of information that are incorporated into the text
• Citation Styles


  • American Psychological Association (APA) - style used for education
  • Modern Language Association (MLA) - used for the humanities
  • Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) - used in business, history
  • Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - engineering
• Parts of a Research Report


  • Title Page - pertinent details written such as title and researcher's name
  • Abstract - synopsis or summary of the research report
  • Table of contents - show the list of tite that can be found in research report
  • Introduction - state your research question or hypothesis about the topic
  • Literature Review
  • Methods section - recount how your research was conducted
  • Results section - illustrations of the data that you gathered
  • Discussion section - point out the significant data
• Application Essay for College Administration

  Persuade admissions to accept you
• Prompts


  Form of questions that require you to reveal your qualities as a student
• Resume


  Personal, but must still appear professional
• Common Resume Headings


  • Objective - state what you intend to accomplish for career development
  • Education - provides details from your academic achievements
  • Related Experience- provides details of job you handled that are related to the position you are applying for
  • Licenses - provides details from your professional licenses
  • Qualifications - provides description of your personal qualities that match the requirements of the job
  • Management Experience - provides details of previous job that put you in charge of a situation or people
  • Professional Affiliation - provides details of organizations or companies you are connected with
  • Community Involvement - provides details of volunteer work
  • Clinical Internship - provides details of actual performance of tasks
  • Financial Experience - description of experience in managing money
  • Publication and Membership - published works such as research,books
  • Areas of Expertise - states specialization
  • Career Progression - promotion and series of jobs
  • Key Accomplishments - details of achievements at work
  • References - details of the people who are trustworthy
• Project Proposal (grant proposals)


  Presentation of innovative ideas and plans
• Components of a Project Proposal


  • Project Summary - emphasize and discuss the need to research on a problem to investigate and provide solutions to it
  • Project Narrative - highlight the problem, goals, and significance of the project
  • Profile or Qualifications - this guarantee your capability to accomplish project
  • Budget Justification - specifying the budget your project needs
• Basic Formats of Business Correspondence


  • Block Format - easiest to remember, all are left justified
  • Modified Block - almost same as block, indented to center, and last word of each mentioned part's lines aligned
  • Semi-block - indention of the first line of each paragraph
• Components of Business Correspondence


  • Heading - sender's address and date
  • Inside Adress - recipient's name, position, company, and company address
  • Salutation or Greeting - begins with "Dear", followed by title
  • Body - contains your message
  • Complimentary Close - short and polite remark "Sincerely yours"
  • Signature Block - includes your name and signature
• Types of Business Correspondence


  • Letter or transmittal
  • Acknowledgment
  • Inquiry
  • Response to inquiry
  • Sales and promotion
  • Complaint
  • Adjustment
  • Refusal
  • International
  • Collection
• Simplicity


  Avoid pretending to sound like a high authority in your writing
• Conciseness


  Replace too wordy or redundant phrases
• Courtesy


  Always express goodwill in writing for business
• Fairness


  Recognize all aspects of diversity when writing to avoid errors
• Errors in Business Writing


  • Disability Streotypes
  • Religious Streotype
  • Sexist Language
  • Age Streotype
  • Racist Language
• Idiom


  Expression that holds another meaning
• Slang


  Very informal language
• Redundancy


  No longer needed or useful