Ssp

• Gender politics


  Not defined in terms of the gender of the actors, but rather in terms of the nature of the transformations in gender relations that these political practices seek to achieve
• Liham sa mga Kadalagahan ng Malolos: 'The arguments of Rizal: 1. The use of reason and the need for education. 2. A sense of duty and responsibility, which are functions related to the capability for affiliation.'
• Gender politics

  • Power relations between the sexes
  • Worst practice: women as irrelevant to politics
• There has been an increase in women politicians in all levels of government in the Philippines, especially in the mayoralty race, a significant percentage come from political families
• Republic Act No. 9710, or the Magna Carta of Women, mandates gender balance in all decision-making spheres and asks political parties to create rules for nominating more women in candidate slates
• Where should women participate in the political process?


  • Consultations
  • Planning
  • Decision-making/voting
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
• Intersectionality


  A term used to describe the idea that social relations involve multiple intersecting forms of discrimination
• 90% of modern war casualties are civilian- primarily women and children
• The participation of civil society groups, including women's organizations, makes a peace agreement 64% less likely to fail
• When women participate in peace processes, the resulting agreement is more durable and better implemented
• The Aquino administration opened the Philippine Military Academy to women, and female cadets showed commendable performance, with one of them topping the graduating class in 1999
• Structural functionalism


  • Men typically fulfill instrumental roles, while women tend to occupy expressive roles
  • Gendered division of labor as crucial for societal harmony and efficiency
  • Socialization into these predetermined roles contributes to gender inequality by influencing the choices men and women make regarding family and work
• Marxist/conflict theory


  • Examines how gender assumptions and biases result in the empowerment of men, the oppression of women, and the structural inequality favoring men over women
  • Perceives gendered power dynamics as ingrained within the social framework, evident across various facets of a patriarchal society
• Symbolic interactionism


  • Gender is something that is produced through interaction between people, and as such is an interactional accomplishment
  • Gender is unstable and fluid and is produced by people through interaction
• Feminist theory


  • A theory about social life and human experience that investigates the conditions and experiences of women in society
• Mary Wollstonecraft


  English writer and passionate advocate of educational and social equality for women
• A Vindication of the Rights of Women


  • Equality on Education: Develop critical thinking and reasoning skills, Improved educational system for women
  • Marriage as "legal prostitution"
• Waves of feminism


  • First wave (1830-1920): Women struggle for political rights, education, employment
  • Second wave (1960-1990): Personal as something as political, Asking the government for full equality in society, Citizenship (right to be citizens)
  • Third wave (late 1990s to early 2000s): Girl power - women of different colors and other genders tried to unite to fight for their personal rights and entitlement, To claim for their sexual pleasure and entitlement that they are equal with men
  • Fourth wave (age of social media): Feminist movement towards political against sexism, misogyny, Use of media to talk about the rights of women and third gender
• The goal of feminism is to empower and broaden the understanding of women in order to create a better world that is perceived to be more just and humane
• RA 11313 Space Safety Act / Bawal Bastos Law


  The law covers all forms of gender-based sexual harassment (GBSH) committed in public spaces, educational or training institutions, workplace, as well as online space
• RA 7192 Women in Development and Nation-Building Act


  The state recognizes the role of women in nation building and ensure the fundamental quality before the law of women and men, Equal opportunities with men, Participation of women as recipients in foreign aid, grants and loan
• RA 7877 Anti-Sexual Harassment Law of 1995


  The state shall value the dignity of every individual, enhance the development of its human resource, guarantee full respect for human rights, and uphold the dignity of work, employees, applicants for employment, students
• RA 9262 Act Defining Violence Against Women and Their Children of 2003


  It is a law that seeks to address the prevalence of violence against women and their children (VAWC) by their intimate partners
• Republic Act 9710 or the Magna Carta of Women Act of 2009


  • Comprehensive women's human rights law that seeks to eliminate discrimination against women by recognizing, protecting, fulfilling and promoting the rights of Filipino women, especially those in marginalized sectors
  • Any gender-based discrimination, exclusion or restriction which has the effect of impairing the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise by women
  • Equal access and elimination of discrimination against women
  • Equal participation in sports
  • Non-discrimination in employment
  • Non-derogatory portrayal of women
• RA 8353 The Anti Rape Law of 1997


  The law considers that any person, whether a prostituted person, non-virgin or one who has an active sexual life may be victimized by rape. By declaring that rape is a crime against persons, the law no longer considers it as a private crime. Anyone who has knowledge of the crime may file a case on the victim's behalf.