Disaster and Disaster Risk

• Taal Eruption - 1572 to January 12, 2020 (The most recent significant activity) Location: Batangas on Luzon Island
• Mayon Eruption - 1616 to 2014. The most destructive eruption of Mayon occurred on February 1, 1814. Location: Albay on Luzon Island.
• Pinatubo Eruption - 1500 to 1991. Reawakened in 1990 producing the 2nd largest eruption in the 20th Century. Followed by milder eruptions in 1992 and 1993. On July 16, 1990, the major 1990 Luzon earthquake of magnitude 7.7 struck Central Luzon. This was the largest earthquake recorded in 1990. Location: Zambales, Luzon Island.
• Kanlaon Eruption - 1886 to 2006. The most active volcano in Central Philippines, Kanlaon has erupted 26 times since 2019. In 1902, the eruption was classified as strombolian, typified by the ejection of incandescent cinder, lapilli, and lava bombs. Location: Negros Island.
• Eruptions are typically phreatic explosions of small-to-moderate size that produce minor ash falls near the volcano.
• Bulusan Eruption - 1886 to 2011. Bulusan is generally known for its sudden steam-driven or phreatic explosions. It has erupted 15 times since 1885 and is considered as the 4th most active volcano in the Philippines after Mayon, Taal, and Kanlaon. Location: Sorsogon, Luzon Island.
• Hibok Hibok Eruption - 1827, 1862, 1871, and 1948-1952. On February 16, 1871, earthquakes and subterranean rumblings began to be felt on the island which increased in severity until April 30 when a volcanic fissure opened up 400 yards southwest of the village of Catarman, on the northwest flank of the Hibok-Hibok Volcano. Location: Camiguin Island
• Moro Gulf - August 16, 1976. Location: Mindanao Island, Moro Gulf Area
• Luzon Island - July 16, 1990. Location: Luzon Island
• Luzon Island - November 30, 1945. Location: Luzon Island
• Bohol and Cebu - October 15, 2013. Location: Bohol and Cebu Islands.
• Negros Oriental - February 6, 2012. Magnitude 6.7. Location: Negros Oriental Province, Visayas region.
• 1881 Haiphong Typhoon - September 27-October 1881. Location: Northern Philippines in Luzon.
• Typhoon Yolanda - November 7-8, 2013. One of the most powerful typhoons ever recorded. Location: Eastern Visayas region.
• Typhoon Uring - November 2-7, 1991. Location: Ormoc City Area of Leyte.
• Typhoon Pablo - December 2-9, 2012. Location: Mindanao particularly the Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental provinces.
• Zamboanga Siege - September 9, 2013. A conflict between the Philippine government and a faction of the Moro National Liberation Front in Zamboanga City, Mindanao. The MNLF seized several coastal barangays. It lasted for weeks and had significant economic and social impacts on Zamboanga City.
• Cebu Earthquake - October 15, 2013. Magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck Bohol and Cebu ISlands in the Visayas region. The earthquake's epicenter was near the town of Sagbayan in Bohol. The historic churches were severely damaged.
• The Philippines has a high vulnerability to natural hazards which are attributed to the nation's geographic position in Southeast Asia.
• Disaster - A serious disruption of the functioning of community or society causing widespread human, materials, economic, and environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community to cope using its own resources.
• Disaster Risk - The probability of harmful consequences or expected losses resulting from the interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerable conditions.
• Vulnerability - A condition determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of community to the impact of hazard.
• Different Types of Vulnerabilities: Physical and Environmental Vulnerability, Social Vulnerability, and Economic Vulnerability.
• Physical and Environmental Vulnerability - Refers to the "human-made environment" such as buildings and infrastructure and the "natural environment" such as agriculture, forestry, and aquaculture.
• The factors that determine the magnitude of Physical Vulnerability: A. Geographic Pattern of the severity of hazards, B. Exposure of the elements to hazards, C. Geological and Environmental characteristics of the community, D. Effects of local conditions
• Social Vulnerability - The susceptibility of the population, the social institutions or organizations that ensures the sustenance of families, communities, and society.
• The factors that affect social vulnerability: A. Special categories of vulnerable groups of people, B. Educational Attainment, C. Knowledge and awareness, D. Location and type of housing, E. Population Density, F. Absence of local institutions.
• Economic Vulnerability - Pertains to the assets and resources of the community that are susceptible to disasters, including the production, distribution, and utilization of goods and services that ensure the well-being of the people.
• The factors that affect economic vulnerability: A. Sources of livelihood, B. Community resources, C. Household income and savings, D. Markets and access to goods and services.
• Capacity - the opposite of vulnerability. It is the combination of a community's strengths, characteristics, and resources that can be utilized to achieve certain goals. There are capacities which can be mobilized to aid recovery from disasters.