Lympstone + Toxteth

• natural characteristics: lympstone- occupies a small valley cut by...


  Wotton Brook through the red breccia cliffs which mark the edge of the Exe estuary
• natural characteristics: lympstone- extensive tidal mudflats...


  extend out into the estuary which is about 1.5km wide at Lympstone
• natural characteristics: lympstone- a small beach of...

  pebbles and gravel runs along the foot of the cliff
• natural characteristics: toxteth- occupies undulating land...


  rising up from the banks of the River Mersey
• natural characteristics: toxteth- the stream flows from...

  the NE, dividing into two before discharging into the river
• natural characteristics: toxteth- the Mersey is fast flowing past Toxteth as its channel...


  narrows before passing into Liverpool Bay, so there is little foreshore at Toxteth
• past characteristics: lympstone- established by...

  the Saxons
• past characteristics: lympstone- connections with the continent continued with...

  the Norman Conquest when the ownership of the area tranferred to a succession of French families
• past characteristics: lympstone- by the 13th century Lympstone was...


  one of a number of small ports operating under the administration of Exeter
• past characteristics: lympstone- what thrived into the 19th century?


  shipbuilding
• past characteristics: lympstone- as the scale of ships increased...


  this industry declined
• past characteristics: lympstone- the estuary was used for...

  fishing and the shellfish industry
• past characteristics: lympstone- tourism in the...

  1840s saw Lympstone attract wealthy families from Exeter and East Devon who enjoyed being by the sea
• past characteristics: lympstone- expanded its...

  built environment to accomodate visitors but essentially remained a small village
• past characteristics: lympstone- the railway in...

  1861 improved Lympstones connectivity regionally and nationally
• past characteristics: lympstone- time-space compression allowed the...


  shellfish industry access to a wider market
• past characteristics: lympstone- became a...

  dormitory settlement for Exeter in the 20th century
• past characteristics: toxteth- established by...

  the Saxons, one of just a handful of coastal villages on the banks of the Mersey
• past characteristics: toxteth- the area became part of a large...

  royal hunting forest under King John
• past characteristics: toxteth- opened up to...

  farming towards the end of the 16th century
• past characteristics: toxteth- small-scale industry in the...

  17th century, water power from a dammed stream
• past characteristics: toxteth- major event

  the Industrial Revolution, Liverpool was a major port with many industries
• past characteristics: toxteth- copper works in...

  1772 and later a ceramics factory
• past characteristics: toxteth- flour milling and...

  brewing served the growing population
• past characteristics: toxteth- part of Toxteth given to a...

  housing scheme, wide streets and large villas
• past characteristics: toxteth- attractive greenfield site for...


  property developers who built for the growing middle class
• past characteristics: toxteth- demands for space in the...

  19th century, areas behind large villas = cheap and poorly constructed housing
• past characteristics: toxteth- epidemics of...

  typhoid and cholera spread in the unhygienic conditions
• past characteristics: toxteth- exodus of middle class residents,...

  disposable income increased, relocated to greenfield sites on the edge of the built area
• past characteristics: toxteth- 150 years, from...

  rural community to inner-city suburb and large metropolitian area
• past characteristics: toxteth- growth much to do with...

  increasing connections both nationally and internationally
• present-day: lympstone, demographic- age structure is...

  top heavy
• present-day: lympstone, demographic- fairly...

  homogeneous ethnically
• present-day: lympstone, demographic- Devon provided few...


  jobs for immigrants in the 1960s-70s
• present-day: lympstone, socio-economic- population increased from...

  880 in 1801 to 1775 in 2011
• present-day: lympstone, socio-economic- average household size of...


  2.3 people
• present-day: lympstone, socio-economic- owner-occupiers

  66.1
• present-day: lympstone, socio-economic- rent from social landlord


  12.2
• present-day: lympstone, socio-economic- rent from private landlord


  20.6
• present-day: lympstone, socio-economic- car availability


  12.7