Readphi Midterms

• Juan de Plasencia

  A Spanish friar who was among the first group of Franciscan missionaries who arrived in the Philippines in 1578
• Juan de Plasencia's missionary life

  1. Spent most of it in the Philippines

  2. Together with Fray Diego de Oropesa, started preaching around Laguna de Bay and Tayabas, Quezon

  3. Founded many towns in the provinces of Bulacan, Laguna and Rizal
• Juan de Plasencia


  • Led a very simple lifestyle
  • Was in constant contact with the people he was trying to convert to Christianity
  • Defender of the native people
  • Looked after the poor, sick and neglected
• Doctrina Cristiana

  The first book printed in the Philippines, written by Juan de Plasencia
• Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalos

  A book written by Juan de Plasencia in 1589 that helped to understand and preserve many of the local traditions
• Juan de Plasencia died in Liliw, Laguna


  1590
• The reading entitled "Customs of the Tagalogs" provides a vivid picture of the people's way of living, from their social classes to their marriage customs, forms of justice and worship
• The Magellan expedition is known to be the first circumnavigation of the world
• Magellan expedition began


  1519
• Magellan expedition ended in Spain

  1522
• Much of the events of this expedition is known through the diary of Antonio Pigafetta, who was one of the few crew members who were able to return to Spain on board the Victoria, the only ship which survived the expedition
• Antonio Pigafetta


  An Italian who was in the service of the king of Spain and served as the chronicler of the Magellan expedition
• Pigafetta wrote a book, "The Navigation and Discovery of Upper India," based on his diary


  Two years after arriving in Spain
• The book was first published in French
• Jose Rizal came across the Italian text of Pigafetta's work in the British Museum
• James Robertson translated the Italian version of this book into English, which he titled, "Magellan's Voyage Round the World"


  1905
• In this section, Pigafetta narrates their experience when they arrived in the Philippine islands


  1. Includes his account of the native kings they met

  2. The people's way of life

  3. The first Mass

  4. The conversion to the Christian faith by the king and queen of Zubu (now Cebu)

  5. Until their fight with the natives in the village of Matan (now Mactan)
• Emilio Jacinto


  Youngest member of the Katipunan ng mga anak ng Bayan (KKK)
• Jacinto joined the Katipunan when he was 19 years old


  1894
• Jacinto


  Law student at the University of Santo Tomas who forgo his plans of becoming a lawyer to commit to the cause of the Katipunan
• Kartilya


  Written by Jacinto, served as a guiding philosophy for the members of the secret patriotic society
• Kartilya


  Developed to introduce to the Katipunan's new recruits the set of principles and values they have to observe as members
• Andres Bonifacio had prepared his own version of rules to be followed by the members, but his respect and trust in Jacinto made him decide to use the Kartilya
• Kartilya


  • Good source of knowledge for researchers and students of Philippine history, especially those interested in the mass movement and the 1896 Philippine Revolution
  • Contains fourteen (14) principles
  • Written in the language that could be understood by the members
• The Kartilya is a strong sentiment that manifests the collective action of the people to regain progress, freedom and happiness for the Motherland
• Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino


  11th President of the Philippines, first woman to hold that office
• Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino was born


  January 25, 1933
• Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino


  • Came from a wealthy and politically prominent family
  • Married to Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr., a leading critic of President Marcos
  • Emerged as the leader of the opposition after her husband's assassination in 1983
  • Became the most prominent figure in the 1986 People Power Revolution
• Corazon Aquino served as the 11th President of the Philippines


  1986 to 1992
• Corazon Aquino was bestowed with the Prize for Freedom Award in 1987 and the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1998
• Corazon Aquino was diagnosed with colorectal cancer

  2008
• Corazon Aquino died


  August 1, 2009
• Corazon Aquino made her first state visit to the United States


  September 1986
• Corazon Aquino delivered a speech before a joint session of the United States Congress on September 18
• Corazon Aquino's speech


  • A deeply personal account of her family's struggles during the Marcos dictatorship and the Filipino people's eventual triumph in restoring democracy in the country
  • An appeal for help as the country faced numerous challenges in its long road to recovery
• Magdiwang-capital


  • NoveltaSan Francisco de Malabon
  • Naik
  • Nasugbu
  • Tuwi
  • Look
• Magdalo


  • Kawit
  • Imus
  • San Francisco Malabon
  • Naik
  • Maragondon
  • Talisay
• Santiago V. Alvarez, general for the Katipunan: 'The assembly at Tejeros was finally convened on 25 March 1897. The invitations to the meeting were signed by Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras of the Magdiwang Council, and he presided over the assembly.'
• Secretary of War Ariston Villanueva of the Magdiwang Council received confidential information that Mr. Daniel Tirona of the Magdalo faction was set to undermine the proceedings of the assembly and had succeeded in enjoining many among the Magdiwang leaders to ally with him
• Secretary Villanueva kept silent, but nevertheless alerted Captain General Apoy, who had troops in readiness for any sudden eventuality