PSYC105 Mid Term

• Behaviour repertoire


  A set of behaviours containing everything you do, such as habits, skills and abilities, language, problem solving
• The behaviour repertoire includes


  past, current & potential repertoire
• What accounts for diversity in behaviour repertoire?


  Age and cultural differences
• Sources of variability in repertoire

  Biological/physiological practices, developmental processes, life experiences
• Respondent behaviour is


  behaviour that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus, involuntary
• Operant behaviour is


  Voluntary, emitted by the individual and produces a result in the environment
• Observational learning is


  learning by observing others; also called social learning
• Who do we imitate?


  Those we like or respect.

  Those who are similar to us.

  Those we consider attractive or powerful
• What do we learn through observation?


  Addictions, phobias, morals, problem solving, prejudice, violent and aggressive behaviour
• Trial and error learning is


  Learning through direct experience of behaviour and consequence
• Shaping behavior is


  Step-wise progression from current behaviour to required behaviour
• What are the two processes that maintain a behaviour?

  Practice & reinforcement
• Positive consequence is


  something is added as a result of behaviour
• negative consequence is


  removing something as a result of behaviour
• Positive punishment is


  adding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease a behavior
• Negative punishment is


  the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior recurring
• Token economy is


  an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for reinforcers
• Negative reinforcement tends to reinforce...

  avoidance of situations that we don't like
• Extinction


  Occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.
• What is labelling


  The psychological idea that people will live up to the standards set for them
• Risk Principle (RNR)


  Treatment intensity should match offenders' risk of re-offending
• Need Principle (RNR)


  Treatment should target dynamic risk factors associated with offending. Based on theories about the causes of crime
• Responsivity model


  Treatment should be delivered in a manner most responsive to offenders' learning style and to minimise individual responsivity barriers
• Psychopathy is not


  A diagnosable condition. You may get diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
• Health psychology is


  explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease
• Psychological and social factors play an important role in

  the development of chronic illnesses.
• Biopsychosocial


  Health and illness are consequences of the relationship between biological, psychological, and social factors
• Biomedical


  Relating to both biology and medicine. Psychological and social factors largely irrelevant to health and illness
• Symptom perception


  the processes of detection, and interpretation of symptoms
• Errors of diagnosis


  Deciding a symptom is not important when it is, or, deciding a symptom is important when it isn't
• Focus of attention and situational factors

  Competition for attention, motivation for external vs internal factors
• individual differences


  some pay more attention to their internal states than others. eg people with high neuroticism
• Mood and emotions


  Those in a positive mood report fewer symptoms and rate themselves as more healthy. Those in a negative mood report more symptoms
• Hedonic adaption


  The tendency for people to quickly return to a stable level of happiness after positive or negative events
• Practice


  learn by repetition, behaviour becomes easier
• Reinforcement


  any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
• What does strength in behaviour mean?


  Behaviour persists in repertoire, reaction time, frequency, accuracy and duration improves, behaviour resists disruption
• Experience


  The consequence of a behaviour
• Learning


  The subsequent effect on behaviour
• Token economy


  When people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats