plant cells

• According to Britannica (2023), plant, is any multicellular eukaryotic life- form characterized by the following:

  • Photosynthetic nutrition, in which chemical energy is produced from water, minerals, and carbon dioxide with the aid of pigments and the radiant energy of the Sun.
• According to Britannica (2023), plant, is any multicellular eukaryotic life- form characterized by the following:

  • Cells that contain cellulose in their walls and are therefore to some extent rigid.
• According to Britannica (2023), plant, is any multicellular eukaryotic life- form characterized by the following:

  The absence of organs of locomotion, resulting in a more or less stationary existence.
• According to Britannica (2023), plant, is any multicellular eukaryotic life- form characterized by the following:

  • The absence of nervous systems.
• plant cell

  
• Types of Cells in Plants

  • Parenchyma Cells
  • Collenchyma Cells
  • Sclerenchyma Cells
  • Meristematic Cells
• Parenchyma Cells


  Thin-walled cells that make up the inside tissues of non-woody parts of plants found in stems, roots, and leaves
• Parenchyma Cells


  • They are considered the typical plant cell because they are not specialized in their function
  • Their functions are varied. Some are for storage, others for photosynthesis, and the rest serves as the bulk ground and vascular tissues
  • Plant metabolism primarily takes place in these cells
  • They remain alive at maturity
  • They compose the middle layer of leaves and the inner and outer layers of stems and roots
  • Soft tissues of fruits are also made from parenchyma cells
• parts of parenchyma cell

  
• types of cells in plants

  Collenchyma Cells

  • Support the structure of plant tissues, especially in areas where the plant grows, such as in the shoots and leaves.

  • They have a thin primary cell wall with some areas of secondary thickening.

  • They are elongated cells with thick cell wall whose main functions are for support and structure especially in young plants.
• parts of Collenchyma Cell

  
• types of plant cells

  Sclerenchyma Cells

  • Are the principal cells that support the structure of plants. • Their cell walls are composed of cellulose and lignin.

  • Lignin is the hardening agent which gives sclerenchyma their rigidity.

  • Unlike collenchyma, sclerenchyma cells are dead cells at maturity. • They also have a support function but are much more rigid than

  collenchyma cells.

  • They are thick and come in many shapes.
• parts of sclerenchyma cell

  
• Meristematic Cells

  • Are plant cells that divide and create new cells.

  • Their reproduction contributes to the physical growth of plants.
• Plant Tissues

  • Vascular Tissues
  • Dermal Tissues
  • Ground Tissue
  • Meristematic Tissue
• Vascular Tissues

  • Are the primary tissues of plants responsible for the transport of nutrients and water.

  • They are found only in vascular plants (tracheophytes) because they have lignified tissues throughout the plant which allow the transport of substances.
• Vascular Tissues


  • Xylem
  • Phloem
• Xylem


  Transports water from the roots to the stem, leaves, and buds
• Tracheids


  • Long, narrow cells whose ends overlap
  • Have small holes between their ends to allow water to move vertically between plants
  • Have small holes called piths which allow the lateral movement of water
• Vessel elements


  • Shorter but wider cells
  • Stacked on top of each other
  • Water passes through their cell walls
• Phloem


  Carries the plant's stored carbohydrates to the parts where they are needed, because they fulfill a conducting function
• Sieve elements


  • Different from either tracheids or vessel elements because sieve elements are functional when they are living cells
• parts of vascular tissue

  
• Dermal Tissues

  • Serve as the outer protective layer of plants.

  • They are like the skin of plants which serve as the first layer of protection against harmful elements of the environment.
• Dermal Tissues

  • Epidermis – a single layer of tightly packed cells that covers and protects the plant.

  • Periderm – commonly referred to as the bark, it is a multi-layered dermal tissue composed of the following:

  • Cork cells (phellem) – are nonliving cells that cover the outside of stems and roots to protect and give insulation to plants.

  • Phelloderm – can contain chlorophyll and function in defense.

  • Cork cambium (phellogen) – produces cork, a tough protective material.
• dermal tissue (2)

  
• dermal tissue (1)

  
• Ground Tissue

  • Makes up the plant but are neither vascular nor dermal tissue.

  • They can be found inside and outside the ring of the vascular tissue in the plant stem.

  
• Meristematic Tissue

  • Is another prominent category of cells among plants • It is a collection of young cells which are continuously

  reproducing through division.

  • They are mostly found at the apices of root and shoot and are embedded in the vascular tissues which contribute to the increase in the girth size of roots and stems.
• Meristematic Tissue

  • Apical meristem – are cells found at the growing regions of root and shoot and contribute to increase in length.

  • Lateral meristem – are cells found in the vascular tissues and contribute to the increase in thickness of a plant part.

  • Intercalary meristem – are cells found in regions between mature tissues of the plant such as at the base of leaves or at the base of internodes of grasses.

  
• Some Specialized Cells

  in Plants

  • Guard cells

  • Root hairs

  • Tracheids

  • Palisade cells (Leaf cells)
• Guard Cells

  • Found in leaves, they surround and control the opening and closure of the stoma in response to changes in temperature and scarcity of water.

  • Guard cells come in pairs.

  
• Root Hairs

  • Part of the dermal tissue of roots.

  • They add to the surface area of roots and increase their absorptive capacity.

  
• Tracheids

  • Elongated cells in the xylem of vascular plants that aid in transporting water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant.

  
• Palisade Cells (Leaf Cells)

  • Cells designed for photosynthesis; they contain a structure called chloroplast which contains green pigments called chlorophyll.

  • Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun.