LESSON 3

• Verbal Communication


  Uses spoken or written words to communicate a message
• Non-Verbal Communication


  Use of body language, gestures, facial expressions, and even posture to communicate
• Communication is not just confined to speaking. It is possible to be communicating without talking or uttering even a single word
• Communication can either be verbal or non-verbal
• Verbal Communication


  Alongside speaking, listening is an equally important skill for this type of communication to be successful
• Non-Verbal Communication


  Sets the tone of a conversation and can seriously undermine the message contained in your words if you are not careful to control it
• Language


  A set of arbitrary symbols which create possible combination of utterances primarily used for communication
• Language Variety


  • Americans use "elevator", British use "lift" for the same thing - a type of vertical transportation that carries people or goods between floors of a building
• Language Register


  Refers to the level and style of spoken and written discourse depending on the context you are in. It determines the vocabulary, tone, and structure of your language
• Types of Language Registers


  • Formal
  • Informal
  • Neutral
• Formal Register


  Used in a professional context. It is highly structured, impersonal, and more serious in its tone, vocabulary, and grammar. It is common in the workplace, academe, business, trade and other industries
• Informal Register


  Casual, personal, and more intimate in its tone, sentence structure, and choice of words. This is appropriate when communicating with people you know very well such as your family, relatives and friends
• Neutral Register


  A more factual and non-emotional type of language. This is mostly used in highly business-oriented and technical contexts
• Language Features of Formal Register

  • Adheres to rules of grammar and mechanics (punctuation, abbreviation, spelling, etc.)
  • Uses third person point-of-view (he, she, they, etc.)
  • Uses sentences in active voice
  • No Slang
  • Less abbreviations and acronyms
  • Uses complete and more complex sentences
• Language Features of Informal Register

  • Does not necessarily adhere to rules of grammar and mechanics
  • Uses first- and second-person point of view
  • Uses sentences in passive voice
  • Slang may be allowed
  • Presence of emoticons or emojis
  • Uses phrase, fragments, clauses or simple sentences
• Neutral register is almost similar to formal register though it uses more jargons (terms unique to a specific field of profession)
• Language Variety and Register

  • Does not necessarily adhere to rules of grammar and mechanics
  • Uses first- and second-person point of view
  • Uses sentences in passive voice
  • Slang may be allowed
  • Presence of emoticons or emojis
  • Uses phrase, fragments, clauses or simple sentences
  • Almost similar to formal register though it uses more jargons (terms unique to a specific field of profession)
• John Stoker

  
  

  A higher percentage (93%) of communication is manifested through non-verbal behaviors
• Kinds of Non-Verbal Communication(Verderber et, al. 2015)


  • Kinesics
  • Paralanguage
  • Proxemics
  • Chronemics
• Kinesics


  The interpretation that comes along with motions when someone communicates
• Kinesics


  • Includes gestures, movements, posture, eye contact, facial expressions, and touch
  • You have to be careful when you employ these physical movements as they may imply a different meaning in other cultures
• Paralanguage


  The use of voice
• Paralanguage


  • Intelligibility (loudness, rate of speech, pronunciation, enunciation)
  • Variety (pitch, force and pauses)
  • Stress (emphasis on a certain syllable or word/s)
• Proxemics


  The study of how space and distance communicate
• Types of Proxemics

  • Personal space
  • Territorial space
  • Acoustic space
• Personal Space


  The distance one consciously maintains when interacting with others
• Territorial Space


  The physical space which implies your sense of authority and ownership
• Acoustic Space


  The area where the voice of the speaker is either heard or not
• Chronemics


  How people perceive and value time
• Cultures

  • Monochronic
  • Polychronic
• Monochronic Culture


  • "Time is of the essence"
• Polychronic Culture


  • People consider the "luxury of time", so waiting is not an issue