CPHM: NCDs

• 4 Major NCDs

  cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus
• 3 Risk Factors of the NCDs

  smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet
• Major strategy against the NCDs

  health promotion, health education
• Health Educators


  essential to achieve community health which aims to improve, motivate, and guide the people into action
• Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)


  disease of the heart and blood vessels
• Sub-diseases of CVD

  Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Cerebrovascular Disease
• Hypertension (HPN)


  TYPE OF CVD: sustained elevation in mean arterial pressure , major risk for the development of other NCD, not a single disease but a disorder with many causes, symptoms and range to therapy
• Other term for Hypertension

  High Blood Pressure
• 2 Types of Hypertension

  Primary and Secondary Hypertension
• Primary Hypertension


  TYPE OF HPN: has no definite cause but is attributed to atherosclerosis
• Other term for Primary Hypertension

  Essential Hypertension / Idiopathic Hypertension
• Secondary Hypertension


  TYPE OF HPN: result from other disease that leads to HPN
• Example of Secondary HPN

  Renal Disease
• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)


  can cause myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden death
• Other term for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

  Ischemic Heart Disease
• Cause of CAD

  Atherosclerosis
• Atherosclerosis


  thickening of the inside wall of the arteries due to the disposition of fat-like substances
• Cerebrovascular Disease


  loss of alteration of bodily function that results from an insufficient supply of blood to some parts of the brain
• Other term for Cerebrovascular Disease

  Stroke
• Types of Cerebrovascular Disease / Stroke

  Thrombolytic, Embiotic, Hemorrhagic
• Thrombolytic Stroke


  TYPE OF STROKE: usually occurs in atherosclerosis blood vessel commonly seen in older people
• Embiotic Stroke


  TYPE OF STROKE: cause by a clot that travels from somewhere else in the body, usually from the heart
• Hemorrhagic Stroke


  TYPE OF STROKE: most fatal type of stroke
• Causes of Hemorrhagic Stroke

  aneurysm, trauma
• Cancer


  develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control
• Metastasis


  cancer cells get to the bloodstream or lymph vessels and can travel to the other parts of the body and begin to grow and replace normal cells
• Carcinogen


  agent capable of causing cancer which may be chemical, environmental agent, or radiation
• Types of Carcinogen

  Polycyclic Hydrocarbon, Benzopyrene, Nitrosamines, Radiation, Viruses, Aflatoxin
• Polycyclic Hydrocarbon


  TYPE OF CARCINOGEN: chemicals found in cigarette smokes, industrial agents, and in smoked foods
• Benzopyrene


  TYPE OF CARCINOGEN: produced when meat and fish are charcoal broiled or smoked, also produced when food is fried in fat that has been used repeatedly
• Nitrosamines


  TYPE OF CARCINOGEN: powerful carcinogen used as preservatives in foods like tocino, longganisa, bacon, and hotdogs
• Radiation

  TYPE OF CARCINOGEN: UV rays from sunlight, x-rays
• Aflatoxin


  TYPE OF CARCINOGEN: found in peanuts and peanut butter
• Diabetes Mellitus(DM)


  genetically and clinically heterogenous group of metabolic disorders characterized by glucose tolerance with hyperglycemia present at the time of diagnosis
• Types of Diabetes Mellitus

  Type 1 (Insulin Dependent DM / IDDM) & Type 2 (Non-Insulin Dependent DM / NIDDM)
• Type 1: Insulin Dependent DM


  TYPE OF DM: characterized by an absolute lack of insulin due to damaged pancreas
• Type 2: Non-Insulin Dependent DM


  TYPE OF DM: more common, 90-95% of all persons with obesity and diet. possible cause may include impaired insulin secretion and increased hepatic glucose production
• Gestational Diabetes


  TYPE OF DM: develops during pregnancy and may lead to Type 2 DM
• Screening for Diabetes Mellitus


  Ask the patient: family history, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unexplained blood loss
• Blood Tests for Diabetes Mellitus

  fasting blood sugar, 2 hour post prandial test