Human Biology

• What does Smoking do to the lungs?

  • damage airways
  • damage alveoli
  • causes emphysema
  • causes chronic bronchitis
  • causes lung cancer
• What does smoking do to the heart?

  • heart disease
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • reduce flow of blood to heart
  • heart disease
  • narrows heart muscles by plague or blood clot
• What does smoking do to the brain

  • Stroke
  • cognitive impairment
  • decrease in brain volume
  • can cause alzheimers, schizophrenia and neuro-aids
• What does smoking do to mouth?

  • gum problems
  • tooth loss
  • mouth cancer
  • high risk for infection
  • more dental plaque
• What does vaping do to the lungs?

  • causes inflammation that can lead to permanent scarring in the bronchioles
  • popcorn lung making breathing difficult
  • asthma
  • COPD
  • chronic lung disease
• What does vaping do to the heart?

  • damage to function of blood vessels
  • increase blood pressure and heart rate
  • cholesterol deposits
  • can lead to clots in blood vessels leading to heart attack or stroke
• What does vaping do to the brain?

  • Nicotine addiction
  • mood disorder
  • permanent lowering of impulse control
  • impact brain function
• What does vaping do to the mouth?

  • high risk of developing gum disease + tooth decay
  • damage enamel and irritate the soft tissue
• What is asthma?

  a chronic condition that inflames and narrows the airways in lungs
• how does asthma effect the lungs?

  • airways can become inflamed and narrowed at times
  • makes it harder for air to flow out of your airways when exhaling
• how does asthma effect the lungs?

  • in an asthma attack the muscles wall contracts and the lining of the airway becomes swollen and inflamed
  • secretion from the mucus membrane increases which blocks the smaller airway
• signs of asthma

  1. shortness of breath
  2. wheezing when exhaling
  3. waking up in middle of night coughing
  4. chest tightness
  5. colds seem 10x worse
• treatments for asthma?

  1. inhaler
  2. corticosteroid-anti-inflammatory
  3. bronchodilator’s - work alongside inhaler to open airway
  4. mast cell stabiliser - blocks most cell degronulation, stabilises cells and prevents the release of histamine and related mediators
• What is emphysema?


  Air sacs of the lung are damaged and enlarged causing breathlessness

  Due to alveoli being damaged and scarred not enough O2 can enter the bloodstream and cells making it hard to breathe in and even harder to breathe out.
• How does emphysema affect the lungs?

  • Damaged alveoli walls
  • this causes small airways in your lungs to collapse when you breath out
  • Makes it hard for air to flow into your lungs and even harder for it to flow out
• Signs of emphysema?

  1. Breathlessness with exertion
  2. susceptibility to chest infections
  3. fatigue
  4. barrel chapped chest (expansion of ribs)
• Treatments for emphysema

  1. Stop smoking
  2. avoid air pollutant
  3. rehab programs
  4. O2 treatment
  5. Stress management techniques
• Vitamin-E

  • An oily chemical added to vapes to thicken them
  • Potential toxin of concern due to its ability to remain in the lungs for long periods of time
• What does Diacetyl cause?

  • When inhaled causes bronchitis obliterans (popcorn lung)
• What is popcorn lung?

  • Chronic lung disease otherwise known as Bronchitis obliterans. This scars tiny air sacs (bronchioles) in the lungs resulting in thickening and narrowing of the airways
  • Decreased O2 levels
• What is nicotine?

  nicotine is a stimulant drug that speeds up the messages travelling between brain and body.
• What does nicotine cause?

  • Nicotine addiction
  • mood disorders
  • permanent lowering of impulse control (Harmful to the brain)
• What is E-Vali


  the disease associated from vaping or using e-cigarettes. it effects your lungs and causes inflammation.
• Symptoms of Evali?

  • Shortness of breath
  • Fever and chills
  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
  • Chest pain
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • cough
• Treatments for EVALI

  1. corticosteroid - reduce inflammation
  2. antibiotics - prevent infection
  3. antivirals- prevent viral infections
• Symptoms of Popcorn lung?

  1. coughing
  2. wheezing
  3. shortness of breath
• Treatments for Popcorn lung?

  1. Corticosteroids
  2. inhalers
  3. oxygen therapy
  4. lung transport - only the most extreme circumstances
• 5 ways vapes are promoted

  1. Tv, internet, newspaper, retail stores
  2. Designs on the vapes, making them look fun and kid like
  3. $50 for a bar that will last 1-2 weeks (affordable for kids)
  4. trend to do tricks etc
  5. flavouring
  6. influencers