Exposure, Vulnerability, and Basic Concept of Hazard

• It is a known fact that our country is very vulnerable to disasters and most of these recorded events with great number of casualties were unexpected.
• The Philippines has a high vulnerability to natural hazards which are attributed to the nation’s geographic position in Southeast Asia.
• Natural disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and fires affect the country.
• The Philippines is also located in the western ring of the Pacific Ocean where many active faults, trenches, and volcanoes can trigger earthquakes. The Central Luzon earthquake in 1990, the Negros Occidental earthquake in 2011, and the Bohol earthquake in 2013 are some of the strongest experienced in the country.
• Absolute Poverty - household income is below a necessary level to maintain basic living standards (food, shelter, housing)
• Relative Poverty - household income is a certain percentage below median incomes
• Disasters are caused by hazards that take lives, destroy properties, and affect communities.
• Hazards are potentially damaging physical events, phenomena or human activities that may cause injury or loss of life, damage to property, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation. They are threats to our safety and survival.
• Natural Hazards • Hydro-meteorological and climatological • Geological • Biological • Astronomical
• Human Induced Hazard • Fire • Industrial and technological • High risk recreation activities • Human activities
• Planned hazard • Arson • Terrorism • War
• Hazard Analysis - It is the identification, study,
• Exposure - The presence of persons, livelihoods, assets, and other elements at risk within an area exposed to one or more hazards.
• Tools in Doing Hazard Analysis 1. Community hazards and disaster history construction 2. Hazard vulnerability mapping 3. Factor Analysis