CELL TRANSPORT

• STRUCTURE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

  • Phospholipid layer
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
• PASSIVE TRANSPORT:

  • Does not require energy or ATP
  • Happens when there is a difference in concentration gradient of the cell
• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

  • Energy currency of life
  • Has 3 phosphate groups
• When substances move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

  =Passive Transport
• TYPES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT:

  1. Simple Diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Facilitated Diffusion
• SIMPLE DIFFUSION:

  • Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to low concentration
• OSMOSIS

  • Focuses on the movement of water molecules across the membrane
  • The membrane acts as a net and keeps solute like sugar/salt while allowing water to pass through
• TYPES OF SOLUTION

  1. ISOTONIC
  2. HYPERTONIC
  3. HYPOTONIC
• ISOTONIC SOLUTION

  • The concentration of solute of one solution to another solution is equal or the same
• HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

  • When the solution OUTSIDE the cell has higher solute concentration
  • Water will MOVE OUT of the cell to dissolve extra solute.
  • Will shrink and die
• HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

  • When the solution outside the cell has a lower solute concentration.
  • Water (from the surrounding) will MOVE INTO the cell
  • The cell will swell and burst as a result
• FACILITATED DIFFUSION

  • Transports via special gates called 'transport proteins' or 'carrier proteins'
• ACTIVE TRANSPORT:

  • Energy is needed for transportation
  • Will move from an area of low concentration to high concentration
• TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT

  1. ENDOCYTOSIS
  2. EXOCYTOSIS
• ENDOCYTOSIS

  • A portion of the cell folds inward and pinches off, enclosing the material within a vesicle.
  • Also known as cellular eating
• EXOCYTOSIS

  • Opposite of endocytosis
  • A vesicle will fuse its membrane with the cell membrane and dumps its contents.