III (2)

• Background of the Study


  It states briefly the background of the study and identifies the rationale of the research problem. It begins with a general statement of the problem, then focuses on a specific problem or issue, framing said problem within the existing literature, pointing out deficiencies in the literature and targeting the study for evidence or proof.
• Background of the Study


  • Overview- Introduce your topic/variables under study
  • Problem- Establish your research agenda/problem. What is the problem that you want to address with your research?
  • Interest- What makes your research study interesting to you and to your readers?
  • Literature- What does previous research/literature tell/ suggest about your topic under investigation?
  • Objective- Write here the specific aim/purpose why you would want to undertake this research study. What do you intend to solve? state the significance of your study.
  • Time- When and where are you going to conduct your research study? Why is it timely to do this research this time?
• Scope and Delimitation


  Sets the boundaries and parameters of the problem inquiry and narrows down the scope of the inquiry.
• Scope


  Identifies the boundaries or coverage of the study in terms of subjects, facilities, objectives, area, time, duration, and the issues to which the research is focused.
• Delimitation


  Explanation of the scope of study which explains why certain aspects of a subject were chosen and why others were excluded.
• Limitation


  Defines the constraints or weaknesses which are not within the control of the writer, and are therefore expected to be covered by the study.
• Significance of the Study


  Informs the reader on how the study will contribute to the well-being of a person or the progress of a group or society in general.
• Significance of the Study


  • Shows the benefits of the study in addressing special problems, improving economic and health conditions, or even finding solutions to problems encountered in daily life, shedding light on problems of human behavior, in refining existing knowledge for specific audiences, such as researchers, leaders, practitioners, policymakers, among others.
• Inductive perspective


  States the importance of the study from the particular to general.
• Deductive perspective


  States the importance of the study from the general to particular
• Hypothesis


  A wise guess that is formulated and temporarily adopted to explain the observed facts covered by the study.
• Null Hypothesis (H0)

  A statement indicating the non-existence or denial of difference, relationship, or association between two or more variables or factors.
• Null Hypothesis (H0)


  • In experimental research, H0: X1=X2=0
  • In descriptive research, H0: X= Y= 0
• Alternative Hypothesis (H1)


  An affirmation of the existence of phenomena. It is always stated in affirmative form and is the opposite of null hypothesis (H0).
• Conceptual definition


  The definition of terms is taken from the dictionary, encyclopedia, or other published materials such as books and journals.
• Operational definition


  The definition of terms is based on observable characteristics and how it is used in the study.
• Theoretical Framework


  A symbolic construction which uses abstract concepts, facts or laws, variables and their relations that explain and predict how an observed phenomenon exists and operates.
• Conceptual Framework


  Presents specific and well-defined concepts which are called constructs. It refers to a specific or narrower ideas a researcher utilizes in his/her study. It is based on the concepts which are the main variables in a study. It is a researcher's own constructed model that he/she uses to explain the relationship that exists between the main variables in his/her study.
• Conceptual Framework

  • Component- Meaning
  • Box- Variable
  • Arrow- Causal Influence (Cause and Effect Relationship)
  • Line- Connection (Correlation)