Case studies 1

• Swanage - Dorset

  • Chesil Beach - a bar, sediment deposited over time forming spit
  • Soft Cock Discordset of it has eroded over time to Clays + sands. Foreland [headland] has become a stack - Old Harry
• Tectonic Hazards: Chile 2010 - 8.8 richter scale, 500 dead, 800,000 affected
• Tectonic Hazards: Nepal 2015 - 7.8 richter scale, 9,000 dead, 8 million affected
• Secondary effects N: Avalanche on Everest, 19 dead, communities cut off by landslides
• Haiyan: Immediate- 1,000 emergency shelters set up, long-term- UN appeal raised $300 million
• In Bangladesh nearly 2,000 Cyclone shelters have been built
• somerset Causes: low-lying land, wettest January on record
• Malaysia : 2-3% logging, Commercial farming - 60-70%, deforestation - biggest exploiter of tropical wood since 1970 - $2.5 billion a year, Bakunin dam- energy
• Impacts of deforestation: Roots bind soil, trees are natural carbon sinks, some countries rely heavily on wood exports
• Thar desert- Accessibility: limited beyond city of Jaisalmer Temperatures can exceed 50°C, limited water supply - only 120-240mm rain per year, poor infrastructure
• Epping

  • south east England
  • Temperate deciduous forest
  • Trees: Oak, silver birch
  • Daisies->Rabbits -> fox
• Swanage

  hard rock:limestone

  soft rock: clay and sand
• C secondary effects: 1500k road damage, fire a t chemical plant Santiago
• Chile

  • immediate: 90% of power restored within 10 days
  • long term: government launched housing reconstruction helped approx: 200,000 homes
• Nepal:

  • Immediate: Red Cross set up field hospitals
  • long term: 1/3 of people still in temporary homes
• Thar desert-

  • Mineral: limestone and marble
  • tourism: 120 species in national park
  • farming: wheat, cotton
  • energy: 75% from coal
• 2014 Somerset levels:

  social- 600 homes flooded

  economic-10 million in damages

  environmental- soil washed into rivers
• Somerset levels, management

  8 km of river tone and parrett dredged to increase capacity, river banks raised
• Typhoon Haiyan 2013

  • p- 6000 killed, 90 % of buildings destroyed in Tacloban
  • s-$14 billion damages, 130000 houses destroyed
• Haiyan- 10 minute sustained winds of 230 km/h
• River Tees

  • upper course
  • high force waterfall, 21m fall into plunge pool, formed from limestone
• Climate change

  • Maldives- planting mangroves which capture sediment and act as a buffer to rising sea levels
  • 1/3 of the north pole has disappeared since 1979
• Iceland- 85% of homes powered by geothermal energy- lies over mid Atlantic ridge, a hotspot
• 20% of global population in area at risk from desertification (60 countries)
• The Paris Agreement took place in 2015 where countries agreed to limit warming to two degrees above pre-industrial levels and to review this annually
• when COP26 took place in 2021 much of these promises hadn’t been honoured and the conference was seen as the last chance to act on the climate crisis
• Naze tower which is a grade 2 listed building and in the top 5% of heritage buildings
• Walton-on-the-naze

  • the naze tower- grade 2 top 5%
  • 1.2 mill crag walk
  • eroding at 2m per year