Cell Division

• The Cell Cycle: The sequence of growth and division of a cell
• Nucleolus: A distinct region within the cell nucleolus, primarily for the responsible production of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.
• Autosomes: Body chromosome or non sex chromosomes (humans have 44 or 22 pairs
• Sex Chromosome: XX or XY

  •  (23rd pair for humans) determines the sex of the offspring
• Ribosomes: Are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, a fundamental process of all living cells.
• Centriole: Structures inside animal cells which play apart in cell division. (only in animal cells)
• Interphase = G1, S, G2

  • Interphase is when the cell grows, and the organelles double prior to the actual splitting of the nucleus.
• G1

  :

  • is when organelles double. 
  • Remember each new cell needs a complete set of organelles.
• S:

  • when DNA is replicated.  
  • Each cell needs a complete and identical set of DNA
• • G2 :Proteins needed for Mitosis are produced.
• Mitosis

  • The process by which the cell nucleus divides into two identical cell nuclei.
• Prophase: is the first phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During prophase, the complex of DNA and proteins contained in the nucleus, known as chromatin, condenses.
• Metaphase:  is a stage during the process of cell division (mitosis or meiosis). Normally, individual chromosomes are spread out in the cell nucleus. During metaphase, the nucleus dissolves and the cell's chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell.
• Telophase:

  • When the chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell the spindle fibers break up.
• Cytokenesis:

  • The two identical cells completely divide and the cell membrane is completely formed.
• Chromatids: A pair of sister chromatids joined at their centromere
• Interphase: The period between one mitotic division and another when the cell grows and carries on its normal functions.
• Centrioles: Organelles involved in the formation of microtubules during cell division.