con chem medicine

• has a variety of health care effects that promote and reinstate the patient's well-being by the prevention and treatment being by the prevention and treatment of illness.


  Medicine
• Medicine diverse sources:


  - natural

  - synthetic

  - semi-synthetic

  - biosynthetic materials.
• in general is the term that refers to the science or practice of, diagnosis, treat diagnosis, treatment, and preventi ment, and prevention of diseases.


  Medicine
• any substance other than food which has a which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body.

  Drugs
• used for different purposes such as treating disease, relieving pain, recreation and improving cognitive improving cognitive abilities

  Drugs
• used to treat disease or relieve pain.


  Medicine
• It may have either positive or negative effect.

  Drugs
• It usually has a positive effect on the health.

  Medicine
• Properties of Medicine


  1. Physical Properties

  2. Chemical Properties
• refers to a drug that is responsible for its action

  Physical Properties
• refers to a drug that respond extracellularly based on its simple chemical reactions.

  Chemical Properties
• - The first requirement for drug absorption and the dissolved solute is equilibrium to the solid solute.

  - The preparation of liquid dosage form and the drug must be in solution before it is absorbed by the body to produce the biological activity.

  Solubility
• - Way of how substances " travel through " cellular membranes.

  - Poor (blank) can lead to poor absorption across the GI mucosa or poor distribution throughout the body

  Permeability
• - Solid drugs need to dissociate to exert its effect, thus it will take time to elicit a response compared to a drug in liquid form.

  Physical State
• - "LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE"

  - To get across most membranes, the drug must be relatively NON-POLAR (lipophilic). To be soluble in water, a drug must be POLAR (hydrophilic).

  Polarity
• - The smaller (blank), the higher dissolution rate, and the faster absorption

  Particle Size
• - The lower (blank) of drugs the faster the absorption.

  Melting Point
• - It influence the drug transport & drug distribution, for a drug to be orally absorbed, it must pass through lipid bilayers in the intestinal mucosa low lipid solubility- poor absorption

  Partition Coefficient
• - The material that can reduce the surface tension of water at very low concentration

  Surface activity
• - Natural, Synthetic, Semisynthetic and Biosynthetic

  Source
• - It is a drug molecule that must generally interact with biomolecules (enzymes/ receptors) in a very receptors) in a very SPECIFIC way to elicit a pharmacological response.

  Isomerism
• - The drugs interact and bind to the binding sites (receptors/proteins/enzymes) through intermolecular forces.

  Intermolecular Forces
• long lasting or irreversible effects are desired.

  covalent bonds
• - Only the unionized form of a drug can partition through membranes.

  - The ionized form is more water -soluble (required for drug administration and drug distribution in plasma)

  Ionization
• - Most drugs are weak acids and weak bases.

  - An acidic drug dissolves in a basic medium.

  - A basic drug dissolves in an acidic medium.

  pH
• - Phase I and II reactions

  - Addition of polar (blank) results in more water soluble and readily excretable metabolite.

  Functional Group
• Major Classifications of Medicine


  1. Therapeutic Classification

  2. Pharmacologic Classification

  3. Chemical Classification

  4. Amalgamated Classification

  5. Legal Classification (Controlled Substances, Drug Schedules, and Teratogenic Risks)

  6. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System with Defined Daily Doses (ATC/DDD)
• — refers to the way of organizing drug based on their (blank) usefulness in treating diseases.

  Therapeutic Classification
• - This classifications focuses on Cardiovascular drugs as well as Respiratory drugs, Gastrointestinal drugs, Renal drugs, Neurologic drugs, Psychiatric drugs, Endocrinology drugs, Urologic drugs, Rheumatologic drugs, Dermatologic drugs, Infectious disease drugs, and Ophthalmic and otolaryngological drugs.

  Therapeutic Classification
• Influence blood clotting


  Anticoagulant
• Lower blood cholesterol


  Antihyperlipidemic
• Lower blood pressure


  Antihypertensive
• Restore normal cardiac rhythm

  Antidysrhythmic
• Treat angina


  Antianginal
• Reduce stroke damage


  Neurologic agent
• Neurotransmitter that affect mood and emotions.

  Antidepressant
• Reduce pain and swelling of the joints


  Anti-rheumatologic agent
• Kill fungal cells to prevent them from growing

  Antifungal
• Attenuate blood transfusion among anemic patients

  Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESAs)
• Lipid lowering medications


  Statin