Respiration

• What is respiration?

  The enzyme controlled process of releasing energy from food.
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  A catabolic reaction.
• What is the energy produced from respiration used for?

  Other metabolic processes.
• How can respiration occur?

  Both with oxygen, or without oxygen.
• What is an aerobic process?

  A process that occurs with oxygen.
• What is an anerobic process?

  A process that occurs without oxygen.
• How does respiration occur in humans?

  Aerobically.
• How is NADH formed?

  NAD+ can combine with 2 electrons and a proton to form NADH.
• What is the role of ADP in photosynthesis?

  To pick up energy.
• What is the role of ATP in photosynthesis?

  To carry energy.
• What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

  To pick up electrons and protons.
• What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?

  To carry electrons and protons.
• What is the role of NAD+ in respiration?

  To pick up electrons and protons.
• What is the role of NADH in respiration?

  To carry electrons and protons.
• Where does the first stage of respiration occur?

  In the cytosol.
• What is the matrix?

  The fluid filled centre of mitochondria.
• What is glycolysis?

  The splitting of glucose.
• What is the cytosol?

  The cytoplasm minus all of the organelles.
• What makes glycolysis anaerobic?

  It requires very little energy.
• What happens to glucose during glycolysis?

  It is broken down into pyruvic acid.
• Wat happens when glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvates during glycolysis?

  4 high energy eectrons and 2 protons are released, which are then trapped by NAD+ and converted into 2 NADH.
• What is 1 difference between glycolysis and the krebs cycle?

  The krebs cycle requires oxygen, whilst glycolysis is anaerobic.
• Where is NADH sent during the krebs cycle?

  To the electron transport chain.
• What happens when oxygen is present in he Krebs cycle?

  Pyruvic acid will enter the mitochondrion.
• What is molecule is pyruvic acid converted into during the Krebs cycle?

  Acetyl co-enzyme A.
• What is acetyl co-enzyme A broken down into during the Krebs cycle?

  Carbon dioxide and water.
• What is released when acetyl co-enzyme A is broken down during the Krebs cycle?

  Energy rich electrons.
• What is the cristae?

  The inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
• Where are NADH molecules produced in the Krebs cycle transported to?

  The cristae.
• What happens to NADH molecules in the cristae?

  They break down to release high energy electrons and protons.
• What happens to the electrons made from NADH molecules in the cristae?

  They pass along a series of chemicals to form an electron transport chain.
• What happens at the end of the electron transport chain?

  The electrons combine with oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water.
• What is anerobic respiration?

  The release of energy from food without the use of oxygen.
• What is aerobic respiration?

  The release of energy from food using oxygen.
• What is another word for anaerobic respiration?

  Fermentation.
• Where does anaerobic respiration occur?

  In the cytosol.
• Why is only a small amoount of energy released during fermentation / anaerobic respiration?

  Glucose is not completely broken down.
• What are the 2 types of fermentation?

  Lactic acid fermentation + alcohol fermentation
• What is the end product of lactic acid fermentation?

  Lactic acid.
• When can lactic acid fermentation occur?

  During strenous excercise.